我国冬油菜生产的技术效率地区差异及其影响因素——以四川、湖北等11省市为例

针对我国冬油菜生产技术效率的地区不平衡问题,以四川、湖北等11省市为例,采用2018年地区统计及农户调查数据,分别运用基于数据包络的非参数分析和线性回归方法,对我国冬油菜生产的技术效率地区差异及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:1)我国冬油菜生产技术效率存在地区差异,其中四川、江苏较高,云南、江西及上海市较低;2)我国冬油菜生产技术效率地区差异主要来源于规模效率地区差异;3)我国冬油菜生产技术效率地区差异最大的影响因素是财政支农支出,其次依次是科技人员密度、户主年龄、从事油菜劳动力数和家庭收入水平。同时,财政支农支出、科技人员密度、从事油菜劳动力数与我国冬油菜生产技术效率地区差异正相关,户主年龄和家庭收入水平与我国冬油菜生产技术效率地区差异负相关。因此,我国冬油菜生产地区在政策上应着力提升冬油菜生产规模效率,保障财政支农支出、科技人员密度和从事油菜劳动力数水平。同时,还应关注户主年龄和家庭收入水平对冬油菜生产技术效率的影响。

Regional differences of technical efficiency in China's winter rapeseed production: A case study of 11 provinces or cities including Sichuan and Hubei

Aiming the problem of the regional imbalance of the technical efficiency of winter rapeseed production in China, 11 provinces or cities including Sichuan and Hubei were taken as study examples. The regional statistics and survey data of households in 2018 were adopted. Nonparametric analysis was used based on data envelopment and linear regression respectively. The regional differences of technical efficiency and the relevant impact factors in China''s winter rapeseed production were investigated in this study. The results showed that: There were regional differences of technical efficiency in China''s winter rapeseed production, among which Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces were higher, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Shanghai were lower. The regional differences of technical efficiency in China''s winter rapeseed production mainly came from scale efficiency. Among the impact factors of regional differences of technical efficiency in China''s winter rapeseed production, the impact level descending order was financial expenditure to agriculture, the density of science & technology members, the age of householders, members engaged in rapeseed and the income level of a household. At the same time, the impact factors of financial expenditure to agriculture, density of science & technology members and members engaged in rapeseed were positively correlated with regional differences of technical efficiency in China''s winter rapeseed production, while the impact factors of age of householders and income level of a household were negatively correlated. Therefore, for the regions of winter rapeseed production in China, policy formulation should lie in focusing on promoting scale efficiency in winter rapeseed production, ensuring the level of financial expenditure to agriculture, density of science & technology members and members engaged in rapeseed. At the same time, attention should be paid to the influences of age of householders and income level of a household on technical efficiency in winter rapeseed production.