赣南脐橙水肥管理系统设计与实现

针对赣南地区地形复杂、脐橙种植时水肥资源浪费严重、管理成本上升等问题,试验区建立了一套水肥管理系统,该系统包括气候站、服务器、水肥机、变频器、水泵、控制箱、喷滴灌头等设备。该水肥系统通过ASE中央控制器控制喷头达到果树防霜冻的目的;利用控制箱和控制软件控制水肥机的电磁阀为果树滴灌施肥;物联网综合管理平台可远程控制果树滴灌和喷灌;气象站数据传输到本地服务器,为果树喷灌提供依据;基于近红外光谱技术进行果园肥力快速评估得出土壤养分特征统计值,反距离权重插值法对数据进行空间插值分析形成土壤对氮、磷、钾养分需求图,从而制定科学的施肥方案,根据方案利用水肥系统具体施肥。2013、2014、2015年应用了水肥管理系统的脐橙较2012年未使用水肥管理系统的脐橙共计增加产值17.01万元/hm~2。

Design and Implementation of Gannan Navel Orange Water and Fertilizer Management System

Aiming at the problems of complex terrain in Gannan area,serious waste of water and fertilizer resources during the cultivation of navel orange and rising management costs,a set of water and fertilizer management system is established in the experimental area.The system includes climate station,server,water fertilizer machine,frequency converter,water pump,control box,drip and sprinkler head and so on.The water and fertilizer system could control the nozzle to achieve the purpose of preventing frost through the ASE central controller.It uses control boxes and control software to control the water fertilizer machine solenoid valve for the fruit drip and fertilization.The integrated network management platform could remotely control fruit drip and sprinkler irrigation.The weather station data is transmitted to the local server,providing the basis for the fruit tree sprinkler irrigation.Soil nutrient characterization is estimated based on near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS),and the inverse distance weight interpolation method is used for spatial interpolation of the data to form the soil demand diagram for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.A scientific fertilization program is developed,according to which specific fertilization is accomplished using the water and fertilizer system.In 2013,2014,2015,the water and fertilizer management system was used,and the navel orange output value was 170.1 thousand Yuan/ha higher than that in 2012 without using the management system.