花粉直感效应对富士套袋苹果中挥发性成分的影响

以烟富3富士苹果为试验材料,研究比较了在2个试验地点采,采用5个品种授粉的花粉直感效应对富士苹果套袋果实挥发性成分的影响,以期为筛选适宜的授粉品种并为提升套袋富士风味品质提供参考.结果表明,5个授粉品种对富士套袋果实挥发性成分存在显著的花粉直感效应,在2个试验点的富士果实挥发性成分和特征香气成分数量均以金冠授粉较多,以嘎拉授粉较少,新红星、锦绣海棠和红宝石授粉在两地间存在差异,主要由于有12种成分仅在部分样品中检测到,这些差异成分含量均较低,除2-甲基丁酸乙酯,其他成分对果实香味没有影响;新红星、红宝石对提高醇类含量有显著地促进作用,金冠、新红星和嘎拉对提高醛类含量有显著地促进作用,而金冠、新红星和红宝石对于酯类和萜烯类成分含量的提高作用更显著;采用锦绣海棠授粉时,果实4类挥发性成分含量均较低;授粉品种在不同地点对套袋富士果实挥发性成分的花粉直感效应相对稳定.

Effect of Metaxenia on Volatile Compounds in Bagged Apple Fruit of Fuji

In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile compounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pollinated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to select appropriate pollenizer cultivars for Fuji, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the flavor and aroma of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The results proved the significant metaxenia effect of the five pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The numbers of both volatile compounds and characteristic aroma compounds in bagged apple fruit pollinated by Golden Delicious were larger and those of the fruit pollinated by Gala were smaller at both experiment sites. However, there were differences in the numbers of volatile compounds and characteristic aroma compounds among the fruits pollinated by Starkrimson, Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby at both experimental sites. The differences were caused by 12 compounds that only existed at a low level in certain samples. All of them were not the aroma contributors except ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. The content of alcohols in bagged Fuji fruit was largely increased by Starkrimson and Ruby pollination; the content of aldehydes was obviously increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Gala pollination; the contents of esters and terpenes were significantly increased by Golden Delicious,Starkrimson and Ruby pollination. Jinxiuhaitang pollination showed no significant effects for improving the content of four categories of volatile compounds. The metaxenia of the pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds in bagged Fuji fruit was stable at the two experimental sites.