聚丙烯酰胺、膨润土、秸秆混合改土材料对土壤的改良效果

为改善耕作土壤结构,提高养分含量,以玉米秸秆为原材料,将通过菌剂发酵后的秸秆与膨润土、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)按一定比例混合制成改土材料,并筛选出FS秸秆(粉碎)∶膨润土∶PAM=800∶200∶50]、FQ秸秆(粉碎球磨)∶膨润土∶PAM=800∶200∶50]2种较优的混合改土材料,进行施用量比较试验,共设5个处理,分别为FS_(1125)下标数字表示施用量(kg/hm)~2,下同]、FS_(1875)、FQ_(1125)、FQ_(1875)、CK(不施用秸秆混合改土材料),初步探究了该混合改土材料对土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:相对于CK,FS_(1875)处理能显著改善土壤理化性质,该处理下土壤容重为1.20 g/cm~3,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为127.72、61.12、177.60 mg/kg,土壤有机质含量为16.6 g/kg。其中土壤容重较CK降低了0.19 g/cm~3,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量较CK分别增加了38.15%、38.24%、37.45%、34.96%。且该处理下玉米产量较高,达到6 947.8 kg/hm~2,较CK增产8.5%。综合来看,FS_(1875)处理对土壤的改良效果最好且能产生较好的经济效益。

Improvement Effect of Mixed Soil Improvement Material of PAM,Bentonite and Pretreated Product of Stalks on Soil

To improve structure of cultivated soil and nutrient content,corn stalks were used as raw material to mix the stalks fermented by microbial inoculum,bentonite and polyacrylamide(PAM) to a scale to fabricate soil improvement materials.Two kinds of mixing materialsstraw(pulverized):bentonite:PAM=800:200:50],FQstraw (pulverized):bentonite:PAM=800:200:50]were selected to conduct application rate test.And five treatments were set up,which were FS1125the inferior number indicates application rate(kg/ha),the same below],FS1875,FQ1125,FQ1875 and CK (no straw mixed soil modified material).The effect of the mixing soil melioration material on soil physical and chemical properties,maize yield were studied initially.The results showed that compared with CK,FS1875 treatment could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties.Under the treatment of FS1875,the bulk density of soil was 1.20 g/cm3.The contents of available nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of soil were 127.72,61.12,177.6 mg/kg respectively.The content of organic matter of soil was 16.6 g/kg,which was 0.19 g/cm3 lower than that of CK.Compared with the CK,the contents of available nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of soil increased by 38.15％,38.24％,37.45％,34.96％,respectively.The yield of maize was 6 947.8 kg/ha,8.5％ higher than the control.On the whole,the treatment of FS1875 is the best,which can produce better economic benefits.