桃仁蜂成虫田间破核节律及其影响因素研究

采用田间连续观察方法,研究泰安地区桃仁蜂田间破核节律以及气象因子对其产生的影响,为桃仁蜂防控提供预测预报。2016年桃仁蜂越冬虫核率为45.38%。桃仁蜂发育与桃相关物候期大致吻合。桃仁蜂成虫破核初见日为4月11日,此时桃处于幼果期,雄成虫高峰日为4月13日,终见日为4月22日,破核历期12 d;雌成虫和种群高峰日均为4月17日,终见日为4月24日,破核历期14 d。破核后期部分桃果进入硬核期。成虫发生前期,破核数量与日平均气温呈正相关。降雨和骤然降温不利于成虫破核和活动。高峰期过后,成虫破核数量受天气因素影响较小。桃仁蜂成虫破核时间集中在每天8:00—16:00,种群破核高峰为10:00—11:00。桃仁蜂破核期间雌成虫比例呈逐日上升趋势。成虫发生期种群死亡率达50.25%,破核率为45.86%,滞育率仅占3.89%。桃仁蜂成虫破核具有明显的节律性,桃仁蜂破核节律与桃物候期和气象因素关系密切,可作为田间适期防治桃仁蜂的依据。

The Emergence Rhythm of Eurytoma maslovskii Nikolskaya Adults in Field and Its Influencing Factors

To provide forecast for control of Eurytoma maslovskii Nikolskaya,the rhythm in the field of E.maslovskii Nikolskaya breaking out from the peach pit and the influential meteorological factors were investigated via the continuous field observation method in Tai'an region.The results showed that the ratio of pest-containing peach pit was 45.38% in 2016,and the growth period of E.maslovskii Nikolskaya was consistent with the phenological period of peach.The adults started to emerge on 11 April,exactly in the young fruit stage of peach.The peak amount of male adults emerged on 13 April,and they disappeared after 22 April.The outbreak period was 12 d.The peak amount of female adults and population emerged on 17 April,and they disappeared after 24 April.The outbreak period was both 14 d.In the later outbreak period,the peach pit began to stone-harden.During the former period of adult emergence,the adult amount was positively related to the daily average temperature,and raining and temperature plummeting negatively influenced the adult activities.The meteorological factors had little influence on the adult amount after the peak period.The adult of E.maslovskii Nikolskaya emerged mainly at 8:00-16:00,and the population emerged mainly at 10:00-11:00.The ratio of female adults increased day by day during the adult emergencing period.During the emergence period,the mortality rate of population was 50.25%,the emergencing rate was 45.86%,and the diapause rate was 3.89%.In conclusion,the adults of E.maslovskii Nikolskaya emerge rhythmically,and the emergencing rhythm is closely related to the phenological period of peach and meteorological factors,which will provide the basis for control of E.maslovskii Nikolskaya.