长期不同施肥对赤红壤稻田区肥力的影响(英文)

阐明长期不同施肥红壤性稻田土壤肥力变化规律,探讨提高红壤性稻田土壤肥力的合理施肥模式。田间试验设CK(不施化肥)、N_1(N 60 kg/hm~2)、N_2(N 120 kg/hm~2)、N_1P_1(P_2O_530 kg/hm~2)、N_2P_1、N_2P_2(P_2O_560 kg/hm~2)、N_2P_2K_1(K_2O 45 kg/hm~2)和N_2P_2K_2(K_2O 90 kg/hm~2),各处理均施用腐熟牛粪作基肥,每季稻草按50%还田,连续10年不同施肥处理下红壤性稻田有机质、氮、磷和钾含量的变化规律。10年后各处理土壤有机质含量比试验前耕层土壤有机质含量平均增加2.5 g/kg,年均增加0.25 g/kg左右。各处理土壤全氮含量比试验前耕层土壤有机质含量平均增加0.35 g/kg,年均增加0.035g/kg,以N_2P_2K_1和N_2P_2K_2处理的土壤全氮增幅最大,平均每年增加0.052和0.048 g/kg。连续10年不施化学磷肥处理(CK和N_1、N_2),土壤全磷和有效磷含量基本上处于一种平稳状态。施用化学磷肥处理土壤全磷和有效磷含量呈逐年增加的趋势。N_1P_1和N_2P_1处理每年土壤全磷含量增加0.008 g/kg;N_2P_2、N_2P_2K_1和N_2P_2K_2处理土壤全磷含量年均增加0.012~0.013 g/kg。N_1P_1和N_2P_1处理每年土壤有效磷含量增加约0.8 mg/kg;N_2P_2、N_2P_2K_1和N_2P_2K_2处理土壤有效磷含量年均约增加1.4~1.6 mg/kg。连续10年不施化学钾肥处理(CK、N_1、N_2、N_1P_1、N_2P_1和N_2P_2),其土壤全钾含量基本上保持不变,而速效钾含量呈现出下降的趋势。施用化学钾肥处理中N_2P_2K_2土壤全钾、速效钾和缓效钾含量呈现逐年增加的趋势,其中全钾年均增加0.014g/kg。在施用有机肥基础上,增施氮磷钾化肥显著提高赤红壤区稻田土壤肥力水平,有机肥的施用是不断培肥土壤的有效措施之一。

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Fertility of Lateritic Red Loam Paddy

The change rules of the fertility of red soil paddy under the long-term different fertilization were investigated, and the reasonable fertilization mode to improve the fertility of red soil paddy was discussed. There were eight treatments in the experiment, which were CK (no fertilizer), N1 (N of 60 kg/hm2), N2 (N of 120 kg/hm2), N1P1 (P2O5 of 30 kg/hm2), N2P1 and N2P2 (P2O5 of 60 kg/hm2), N2P2K1 (K2O of 45 kg/hm2) and N2P2K2 (K2O of 90 kg/hm2). All treatments were applied with composted cow dung as the base fertilizer, and each season 50％ of the straws were returned to the field. The content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in red soil paddy was observed continuously for ten years and their correlation was also analyzed. Under cow manure and straw return to field, organic matter content of different treatments was positively correlated to year. After ten years, organic matter content of surface soil rose by 2.5 g/kg averagely with an annual increase of 0.25 g/kg. Total nitrogen content and organic matter content of different treatments presented similar variation trend. Total nitrogen content rose by 0.35 g/kg averagely with an annual increase of 0.035 g/kg. Among all the treatments, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 showed the biggest increase, which went up by 0.052 and 0.48 g/kg, respectively. Phosphorous-free treatments (CK, N1, N2) had steady phosphorous content with irregular changes of different years. Total phosphorous content of phosphorous treatments increased year by year. Total phosphorous content of N1P1 and N2P1 rose by 0.008 g/kg every year. The increment range of total phosphorous content of N2P2, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 was 0.012 -0.013 g/kg annually. Available phosphorous content varied vastly among different treatments. Available phosphorous content of organic fertilizer treatments basically remained stable with irregular changes of different years. Available phosphorous content of organic fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer treatments rose year by year. Available phosphorous content of N1P1 and N2P1 rose approximately by 0.8 mg/kg. Available phosphorous content of N2P2, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 rose approximately by 1.4 -1.6 mg/kg annually. Potassium fertilizer amount greatly affected total potassium content. Total potassium content of no-potassium treatments (CK, N1, N2, N1P1, N2P1 and N2P2) remained the same. Total potassium content of N2P2K markedly increased year by year, which was 0.014 g/kg annually. Rapid available potassium content of no-potassium treatments (CK, N1, N2, N1P1, N2P1 and N2P2) showed a decreasing trend. With phosphate fertilizer, rapid available potassium content of N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 remained the same or increased year by year. The change trend of slow available potassium content and rapid available potassium content resembled. Rational allocation of organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can significantly improve soil fertility and economic benefits. Balanced fertilization is an effective measure for soil fertility improvement as it's shown that nutrients of surface soil accumulate annually.