不同芸薹属绿肥对烤烟生长及产量的影响

为了探讨芸薹属绿肥在豫西烟区烤烟生产中的效应,采用大田试验,以休闲期不播种绿肥的烤烟常规栽培为对照,研究了烤烟生产休闲期播种3种芸薹属绿肥(芜菁、芥菜和油菜)翻压后对烤烟生长、主要病害发生状况及经济性状的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,3种芸薹属绿肥翻压均显著增加了烟株的株高和最大叶面积,提高了叶片中叶绿素的含量,增强了叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,促进了烟株的生长。3种芸薹属绿肥对烟草花叶病发病率的影响无显著差异,但均显著降低了烟草根结线虫病和黑胫病的发病率。与对照相比,芜菁、芥菜、油菜翻压处理烟草根结线虫病的发病率分别下降了38.5%、27.5%、50.5%,烟草黑胫病的发病率分别下降了47.5%、53.5%、56.4%。与对照相比,芜菁、芥菜、油菜3种芸薹属绿肥翻压显著提高了烤后烟叶的产量、均价和产值,其中,烤后烟叶产量较对照分别提高了8.7%、15.5%、24.7%。综上,豫西烟区田闲期3种芸薹属绿肥翻压效应相比,以芸薹属油菜作为绿肥翻压更有利于烟株的生长,增产效益最佳。

Effects of Different Brassica Green Manure on Growth and Yield of Tobacco

In order to investigate the effects of Brassica green manure on flue-cured tobacco production in western Henan province,we conducted a field experiment with three Brassica green manure (rappini,mustard and rape) applications during idle time of flue-cured tobacco production,and conventional cultivation(no green manure) as the control to study the differences of the growth,disease incidence and yield of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that three Brassica green manure applications significantly increased plant height and maximum leaf area of tobacco,remarkably enhanced the chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance compared with the control.Compared with the control,Brassica green manure applications did not significantly affect disease incidence of tobacco mosaic virus,but significantly decreased disease incidence of tobacco root-knot nematode and black shank.The incidence rates of root-knot nematode with rappini,mustard and rape applications decreased by 38.5％,27.5％ and 50.5％,respectively,and the incidence rates of black shank reduced by 47.5％,53.5％ and 56.4％,respectively.Compared with the control,the applications of rappini,mustard and rape also significantly increased the yield,average price and output value of flue-cured tobacco,the yield increased by 8.7％,15.5％ and 24.7％ compared with the control,respectively.In general,compared the effects of three Brassica green manure aplications,rape was the best in promoting the growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco.