玉米籽粒灌浆特性品种间比较研究(英文)

为明确黄淮海北部不同玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性的差异,为玉米籽粒熟期选择提供理论依据,以衡早8号玉米杂交种为材料,华美1号和郑单958为对照品种,研究灌浆过程中不同品种籽粒体积、水分含量、籽粒干质量以及灌浆特性的变化,并对产量构成因素进行了分析。结果显示,授粉后20 d是3个玉米品种籽粒体积快速增速期,在授粉后45 d左右3个玉米品种籽粒体积达到最大,衡早8号籽粒体积最大,郑单958最小。授粉15 d内3个玉米品种籽粒干质量增长较为缓慢,授粉15~55d是籽粒干质量增长快速期,衡早8号籽粒干质量增长速度最快,郑单958最慢,授粉55 d后籽粒干质量增长速度开始放缓。3个玉米品种灌浆速率均呈单峰曲线,灌浆峰值衡早8号最高,郑单958最低。相关分析结果表明籽粒体积与含水量呈正相关,与含水率呈负相关,灌浆速率与含水量呈正相关。通过回归分析得出籽粒含水率在57%左右时3个玉米品种达到各自灌浆最高峰值。运用Logistic模拟方程拟合不同玉米品种的籽粒质量增加过程,衡早8号最大灌浆速率(Gmax)、平均灌浆速率(Gmean)均高于其他2个品种;衡早8号活跃灌浆期、籽粒质量渐增期、快增期和缓增期均低于其他2个品种。3个玉米品种产量差异显著,千粒质量是产量差异的主要原因。衡早8号平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率均高于其他2个品种,活跃灌浆期则短于其他2个品种,有利于早熟高产。

Comparative Study of Grain Filling Characteristics in Maize

This study was conducted to illustrate the differences in grain filling characteristics between different maize materials in the Northern area of Huanghuaihai Plain,to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of maize varieties with suitable maturation stage.The new maize hybrid Hengzao 8 was selected as an experimental material,and varieties Huamei 1 and Zhengdan 958 were selected as CK.The changes in grain size,water content,dry weight and grain filling characteristics during grain filling process were studied,and the yield components were analyzed.The grain sizes of the 3 maize materials increased rapidly within 20 d after pollination and reached their peak values on the 45th d after pollination.Hengzao 8 had the biggest grains,while Zhengdan 958 showed the smallest grains.The 3 maize materials showed high growth speeds of dry matter from the 15th to the 55th d after pollination,Hengzao 8 being the fastest and Zhengdan 958 being the slowest.The growth speeds of grain dry matter dropped afterwards.The grain filling rates of the 3 materials fit the unimodal distribution;and Hengzao 8 presented the highest peak value,while Zhengdan 958 exhibited the lowest peak value.Grain size was positively correlated with water amount and negatively correlated with water content,and the grain filling rate was positively correlated with water amount.Regression analysis revealed that when the water contents of the 3 materials reached 57％,grain filling rates reached their peak values.The Logistic model showed that the maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) and the mean filling rate (Gmean) were higher in Hengzao 8 whose active grain filling stage,early stage (T1),middle stage (T2) and late stage (T3) were shorter than other 2 varieties.The differences in 1 000-grain weight between the 3 materials were responsible for the differences in the yield.The grain filling characteristics of Hengzao 8 are decisive for achieving early maturation and high yield.