种植菌草对沙质荒漠化土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响

为改良乌兰布和沙漠东缘沙质荒漠化土地,探讨了种植巨菌草和绿洲1号2种菌草对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物的影响。结果表明,与未种植菌草的沙质荒漠地(CK)相比,种植巨菌草和绿洲1号均可显著提高沙质荒漠化土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷含量,增幅分别为93.15%、30.91%、51.12%、75.38%、8.11%和245.21%、36.97%、23.97%、73.38%、10.81%;种植巨菌草和绿洲1号均可显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶(绿洲1号除外)、酸性磷酸酶活性,增幅分别为25.00%、39.18%、508.69%、718.18%和13.46%、2.24%、43.14%、109.09%,巨菌草的种植效果显著优于绿洲1号;种植巨菌草和绿洲1号均可显著提高土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌及微生物总数,增幅分别为2 715.75%、20.66%、94.24%、2 139.08%和2 054.72%、57.02%、66.51%、1 616.92%,总体以种植巨菌草微生物数量增加最多;种植巨菌草和绿洲1号后,细菌所占微生物总数比例分别提高25.76%和25.50%,而真菌、放线菌所占比例分别降低了94.62%、91.12%和91.39%、90.38%。综上,种植菌草对土壤起到了一定的改良作用,其中巨菌草改良效果更佳。

Effect of Planting Juncao on Nutrients,Enzyme Activities and Microorganisms of Desertified Soils

To improve the desertified soils at the eastern edge of Ulanbuh desert,the effects of planting Pennisetum sp.and Arundo sp.on the nutrient content,enzyme activities and microbes of soil were studied.The results showed that planting Pennisetum sp.and Arundo sp.could significantly increase the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus in soil,with the increase rate of 93.15％,30.91％,51.12％,75.38％,8.11％ ％ for planting Pennisetum sp.and 245.21％,36.97％,23.97％,73.38％,10.81％ for planting Arundo sp.respectively.Planting Pennisetum sp.and Arundo sp.could significantly increase the activities of catalase,sucrase,urease (except Arundo sp.),acid phosphatase in soil,with the increase rate of 25.00％,39.18％,508.69％,718.18％ for planting Pennisetum sp.and 13.46％,2.24％,43.14％,109.09％ for planting Arundo sp.respectively,the effect of planting Pennisetum sp.was much better than Arundo sp.Planting Pennisetum sp.and Arundo sp.could significantly increase the quantity of bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,microorganisms in soil,with the increase rate of 2 715.75％,20.66％,94.24％,2 139.08％ for planting Pennisetum sp.and 2 054.72％,57.02％,66.51％,1 616.92％ for planting Arundo sp.respectively,the quantity of microorganisms in total increased more for planting Pennisetum sp..After planting Pennisetum sp.and Arundo sp.the proportion of bacteria accounting for the soil microorganism significantly increased by 25.76％ and 25.50％ respectively,while the proportion of fungi and actinomycetes accounting for the soil microorganism decreased by 94.62％,91.12％ and 91.39％,90.38％ respectively.In conclusion,planting Juncao had certain improvement for soil,and Pennisetum sp.had the better improvement effect.