不同机械授粉方式对猕猴桃坐果率和果实品质的影响

为筛选出能够适合生产推广的机械授粉方式,以生产中主栽的猕猴桃品种海沃德、徐香、华优为供试材料,研究液体喷雾授粉和固体喷粉授粉对其坐果率和果实品质的影响。结果表明,进行套袋处理时,采用自行研发的花粉悬浊液专利配方对不同品种进行液体喷雾授粉时,坐果率可达61.03%~61.88%。以石松子孢子为稀释剂,采用国产授粉枪对不同品种进行授粉时,坐果率可达46.84%~81.59%,均高于自然授粉或者人工点授的坐果率。与自然授粉相比,喷施花粉悬浊液处理的单果质量和果实可溶性固形物含量均无显著差异,使用国产授粉枪处理的单果质量和果实可溶性固形物含量亦无显著差异。在授粉树配置不当或者天气条件不良的情况下,可利用花粉悬浊液专利配方进行喷雾授粉或使用授粉枪喷粉辅助授粉进行弥补。国产授粉枪与韩式授粉枪效果相当。石松子孢子是较佳的花粉稀释剂。

Effects of Different Mechanical Pollination Ways on Fruit Setting Rate and Quality of Kiwifruit

In order to select the method of mechanical pollination which can improve the fruit setting rate and reduce the production cost,the main cultivated varieties of kiwifruit of Hayward,Xuxiang and Huayou were taken as materials,and the effects of different treatments of liquid spraying pollination and solid powder pollination on fruit setting rate and quality were studied.The results showed that the fruit setting rate of liquid spraying pollination on different varieties could achieve from 61.03％ to 61.88％ with bagging treatment.Taking lycopodium as pollen diluent and using the domestic pollination gun to carry on pollination,the fruit setting rate could achieve from 46.84％ to 81.59％ with bagging treatment.The fruit setting rates were higher than open pollination or hand pollination.Compared with open pollination,the fruit weight and the soluble solid concentration of the treatments of spraying pollen suspension and using domestic pollination gun did not have significant differences.Under the orchard of pollination trees collocated improperly or bad weather conditions,the liquid patent formula could be used for liquid spraying pollination or pollination gun could be used to make up.The effects of domestic pollination gun and Korean pollination gun were same.The lycopodium was better pollen diluent.