“民工荒”还是“就业难”:基于人口红利视角大学生就业问题研究

[目的]对就业难与用工荒并存的现象进行了分析,揭示出产生就业难与用工荒的影响因素;[方法]人口红利的经济学原理的基础上,运用人力资源和自然资源约束条件的IS-LM模型描述了这两种状态;[结果]资源约束对人口红利产生“挤出”效应,人口机会窗口更多的表现为就业压力;从劳动力市场分割、产业结构不合理、专业设置落后、就业理念未更新是影响就业难与用工荒主要因素;[结论]解决这两难问题的途径必须从劳动力市场分割障碍的消除、产业结构的调整、高校专业的设置、大学毕业生就业观念的改变以及劳动力素质的提高等方面人手解决.

"Labor Shortage" or" Difficult Employment": A Study on the Employment Problem of College Students from the Perspective of Demographic Dividend

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the phenomenon of employment difficulty and labor shortage,and to reveal the influencing factors of employment difficulty and labor shortage.[Method] On the basis of the economic principle of population dividend,the use of human resources and natural resource constraints The IS-LM model describes these two states.[Results] The resource constraints have a "squeeze" effect on the demographic dividend,and employment pressure is shown in terms of the population opportunity window;the labor market segmentation,the irrational industrial structure,the backward curriculum and employment concept are the main factors affecting employment and labor shortage.[Conclusion] The way to solve this dilemma must be removed from the division of labor market,the adjustment of industrial structure,the setting of university specialty,the change of employment concept of university graduates as well as the improvement of the quality of labor.