内蒙古阴山北麓区藜麦生态适应性研究

藜麦具有较高的营养价值和广泛的适应性,但目前尚未有在内蒙古阴山北麓区藜麦种植的报道。针对内蒙古阴山北麓干旱半干旱区年降水量小、马铃薯连作导致病虫害频发等问题,为调整种植结构,进行了藜麦引种播期试验。结果表明：藜麦从播种至收获全生育期为127~135d,2015年5月3日播种处理开花至成熟时间较长,达65d,有利于子粒的物质积累;藜麦株高较高,平均为172.5cm,各处理间有效分枝数和单株干物质量均呈极显著差异,5月3日播期处理单株干物质量表现最高;不同处理间产量呈极显著差异,以5月3日播期处理产量最高,实测产量为5 106.3kg/hm ²。因此,藜麦适宜在阴山北麓区种植,具有较高的产量潜力,其最适播期为5月初。当地发展藜麦生产需要解决抗旱播种和后期倒伏问题。

Ecological Adaptability of Quinoa in Northern Foot of Yinshan in Inner Mongolia

Quinoa has high nutritional value and wide adaptability, and it has not been reported in Yinshan area of Inner Mongolia about quinoa cultivation. As the low annual rainfall in Yinshan of Inner Mongolia where belongs to arid and semiarid zones, and the frequent pests and diseases problems cropping with potato, the introduction and sowing date experiments of quinoa were carried out. The results showed that the growth period of quinoa from sowing to harvest time was ranged from 127 to 135d. The time from flowering to maturing in the treatment sowing on May 3 was a little longer to 65d, which was benefit to the formation of grain nutrient accumulation; quinoa had higher plant height with an average of 172.5 cm, and the effective branch number and quality of dry matter among treatments significantly varied, which there was the best performance on sowing date of May 3; there was a significant difference among treatments in yield,with the highest value of 5 106.3kg/hm ² on May 3. Therefore, quinoa is appropriately planted in Yinshan area, which has a higher production potential sowing in early May. Development of quinoa production in local areas is required to solve the problems of drought-resistant sowing and later lodging.