北京市冬小麦节水节肥节药轻简栽培技术体系研究与应用

针对北京市小麦生产中存在的耗水量偏大、用肥量偏多、农机作业环节多、成本高等问题,引进筛选出适合北京地区使用的圆形（指针式）喷灌机等节水灌溉设备,研究提出喷灌条件下限量灌溉高效用水量为1 650m ³/hm ²,研发出用于大田水肥一体化的施肥系统,筛选出高巧和酷拉斯等4种复合拌种药剂和施用配方,引进了河南豪丰2BMSF-16/8带状免耕旋耕播种机并根据京郊播种要求进行了改造,提高了水、肥、药利用效率和农机作业效率,形成了北京市小麦节水节肥轻简栽培技术体系,包括选用抗旱品种、采用圆形喷灌机等节水灌溉,采用水肥一体化或缓释复合肥一次底施（或缓释尿素返青期一次施用）技术以减少肥料用量。该技术体系已在京郊得到大面积应用。

Research and Application on System of Water-Saving,Fertilizer-Saving,Pesticide-Saving and Simplified Technology of Winter Wheat in Beijing

According to the problems of large consumption of water and fertilizer on agriculture, of more cultivation operations, and of high cost of wheat production in Beijing, water-saving irrigation equipments such as circle sprinkler were selected. It was studied that the irrigation amount of 1 650m ³/hm ² with sprinkler achieved high efficiency under the condition of limited irrigation. A device for fertilization used in field was developed to improve the fertilizer use efficiency. Four kinds of composite dressing agents for seed, such as Gaoqiao and Kulasi, were selected to reduce the amount of pesticide application. 2BMSF-16/8 Strip Rotary Tillage Wheat Seeder was introduced from Henan province and was transformed according to the requirements of the suburbs of Beijing to improve the efficiency of agricultural operations. Then system of water-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide -saving and simplified technology of wheat was formed, including using drought-resistant varieties, using water-saving irrigation equipments such as circle sprinkler, using the technology of water and fertilizer integration, or using slow-release compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer (or using slow-release urea as top dressing in the stage of greening) to reduce the amount of fertilizer. This technology had been applied in lager areas of the suburb fields of Beijing and achieved good results.