玉米沟塘覆膜模式间作马铃薯产量效益研究

针对云南省农业生产中玉米马铃薯间作面临的突发干旱危害和低产低效问题,在云南省宣威市农业技术示范基地,进行了玉米打塘开沟地膜覆盖间作马铃薯抗旱增产增效试验研究。结果表明：玉米开沟或打塘+地膜覆盖间作马铃薯复合技术可以提高土壤水分积蓄量,玉米开沟间作和打塘间作土壤含水量分别比玉米平垄和马铃薯单作最多增加28.32%和25.16%;在玉米生育前期,玉米开沟或打塘地膜覆盖间作马铃薯措施有利于促进玉米和马铃薯的生长发育,开沟和打塘模式玉米株高比平垄分别增加31.94%和26.33%,叶面积指数（LAI）分别增加49.56%和25.29%;开沟和打塘措施的玉米理论产量和经济系数均高于玉米平垄间作和单作,玉米产量、复合产量和土地当量比（LER）均显著增加,打塘种植的土地当量比最大（LER=1.20）,比平地处理增加10.52%,增产效益显著。所以,该措施能有效提高作物间作系统抗旱能力,增产增效,对稳定农业收益和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。

Yield Benefit of Maize Planting Mode with Ditching and Pitting and Polythene Mulch Intercropping with Potato

ed at the intensified drought problems on agricultural production in Yunnan province, this experiments working on maize intercropping potato, drought resistance and cultivation technology of rainwater harvesting were carried out in agricultural technology demonstration bases of Xuanwei city. The results showed that the maize drought resistance+ditching or hole pitting+polythene mulch and intercropping potato technology integration measures could increase the soil moisture. The soil moisture of maize ditching intercropping and pitting intercropping were higher than maize flat ridge to 28.32% and to 25.16% than potato. In the early growth stage of maize, the integrated measures of maize drought resistance+ditching or hole pitting+polythene mulch and intercropping potato technology could promote maize and potato growth and development. Plant height and leaf area index were better than maize flat ridge planting and maize monoculture. Maize plant height of ditching and hole pitting were increased more by 31.94% and 26.33% than flat ridge, and the leaf area index (LAI) were increased 49.56% and 25.29%, respectively. The theory of maize yield and economic factor based on integration technology was better than the flat ridge intercropping and maize monoculture. The technique could significantly increase the yield of maize, the composite yield and the land equivalent ratio (LER=1.20), which was higher than the flat ridge, and its production benefit was remarkable. So the integration technology measures can make effective use of water resources, improve the system for crop drought resistance, and has important significance for food security and stable agricultural income.