不同钾肥及配施方式对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

通过田间试验,研究了不同钾肥种类及其配施方式对马铃薯钾积累和产量性状等因素的影响。结果表明：与单施硫酸钾相比,硫酸钾与氯化钾配合施用能够提高马铃薯的淀粉含量,促进茎叶中的钾向块茎中转移,增加块茎中钾的积累量和分配比例。与不施钾肥处理相比,施用氯化钾和硫酸钾都能够增加马铃薯块茎产量。基肥和追肥中含有两种钾肥的处理所得块茎的产量和品质都优于单独施用一种钾肥处理,因此马铃薯生产中可以适量施用氯化钾。基肥中氯化钾施用比例不宜超过50%,追肥中氯化钾的施用比例可以大于50%,氯化钾的总施用比例应控制在50%以内。

Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizers and Their Combination on Yield and Quality of Potato Tuber

The effects of different potassium (K) fertilizers and their combination on the K accumulation as well as tuber yield and quality were studied through field experiments. Results showed that applying K₂SO₄ with KCl simultaneously could improve the starch content of potato tuber and promote the transformation of K from vine to tubers, then increase the accumulation and distribution of K in tubers compared with application of K₂SO₄ only or compared with no K application. Either KCl or K₂SO₄ could increase the tuber yield. The treatment, applied with both K₂SO₄ and KCl at planting and in season, got a higher tuber yield and higher starch content than treatments with only one K fertilizer either at planting or in season. So it was concluded that KCl could be used in potato production in appropriate rate. The rate of KCl at planting should be controlled less than 50%, the rate of topdressing KCl could be greater than 50% and the total application rate of KCl should be controlled less than 50%.