机插对晚稻栽后秧苗生长和生育期的影响

以H优518、中嘉早17为材料,采用传统育秧手栽（手栽）、机插秧苗手栽（机手）、机插秧苗机插（机插）和抛秧4种种植方式,研究机插对晚稻栽后秧苗生长及生育期的影响。结果表明：传统育秧手栽秧苗素质最好,抛秧次之,机插育秧最差;机插对秧苗的损伤程度大于手栽;抛秧、机手和机插生育期分别较手栽延迟1~2、3~5和4~6d;秧苗移栽至幼穗分化期,单株茎叶干质量、单株根干质量和单株根数都随时间呈指数模型增加;最终产量表现为手栽>抛秧>机手>机插;秧苗素质差,地上部分干物质积累量少,植伤重及群体根系活力较弱是晚稻机插生育期推迟的主要原因。生产上可通过培育适龄壮秧,提高机插质量等措施缓解生育期延长,提高产量。

Effects of Mechanical Transplanting on Plant Growth and Growth Period in Late Rice

To study the effect of mechanical transplanting on plant growth in late rice, a one-year field experiment was conducted in late rice, with materials Hyou 518, Zhongjiazao 17 and by four planting methods of artificial transplanting(AT), mechanical transplanting(MT), tray nursing seedlings transplanted by hand(TNSTH) and seeding thrower(ST). The results showed that the seedlings quality of AT was the best, ST was better, MT was the worst. The injuring degree of transplanting of MT was greater than that of AT. The growth periods of ST, TNSTH and MT were 1-2 days, 3-5 days and 4-6 days more than AT, respectively. The dry weight accumulation of root and shoot were suitable for exponential model from transplanting to elongating stage. The grain yield was sorted as AT>ST>TNSTH>MT. The delay of growth period of late rice was associated with the poorer quality of seedling, less dry matter accumulation of aerial part, more serious degree of transplanting and lower root vigor. In conclusion, we could alleviate the delay of machine growth period and improve yield by strengthening seedlings, improving the quality of machine plugging and so on.