重离子辐照诱变育种应用及其生物学效应研究进展

重离子辐射育种以其程序简单、突变效率高、突变谱广等特点,受到育种工作者的广泛关注。其作用的机制是通过注入的高能带电粒子与生物体内的分子或原子发生弹性、非弹性的碰撞,导致生物体内的电离损伤,进而使染色体发生序列或结构改变。其生物学效应在个体水平主要表现为叶形、花色、花形、株型等变化,在生理水平主要表现为过氧化物酶类含量的改变,在分子水平主要表现为生物体内基因表达变化、转座子、甲基化的激活等。本文简要介绍了重离子辐射作用的基本原理,重离子辐射对生物体的生物学效应以及在育种应用中的最新研究进展。

Advances of Heavy Ion Beam Application in Plant Breeding and Their Biological Effect

The breeding using heavy ion beam application with its simple breeding procedure, high mutation efficiency, wide mutation spectrum, has been caught widely attention by breeding researchers. The mechanism is that the charged particles make an elastic or inelastic collision with the molecules in the living body, causing ionization injury within the organism and further cause the change of chromosome sequence and structure. The biological effect showed mainly the change of leaf shape, flower color, flower shape, plant type and so on in individual level, the change of the content of peroxidases in physiological level, the change of the expression of genes, activation of transposons and methylation, etc in molecular level. This paper introduced the basic principle of heavy ion radiation effect, the biological effect and the advance in plant breeding with irradiation by heavy ion beams.