氮磷配施对西藏河谷农区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播产量及品质的影响

在海拔4 300m的西藏河谷农区,进行了N、P配合施肥对混播燕麦与箭筈豌豆产量及品质影响的研究。结果表明：刈割期为燕麦乳熟期/箭筈豌豆结荚期,混合饲草产量最高,饲草粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量较高,而酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）与中性洗涤纤维（NDF）较低。N、P及其互作对混播燕麦与箭筈豌豆株高、产量、养分含量的影响显著;在相同施P水平下,随着N的增加,干草产量、株高和粗蛋白呈现先增后减的变化趋势;粗脂肪、ADF和NDF含量随氮肥施用量的增加有不同程度的降低;在相同施N水平下,随磷肥施用量的增加,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、ADF呈增加的趋势,而NDF逐渐降低。施用氮（纯N）140kg/hm ²、磷（P₂O₅）60kg/hm ²处理组合干草产量最高为16 636kg/hm ²,比不施肥对照组增产60.47%;蛋白质含量最高达18.42%。说明N、P施用量分别为140kg/hm ²、60kg/hm ²可作为该地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播种植的推荐施肥量。

Effects of Combined Application of N and P Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Oat-Pea Mixture in Agricultural Areas of River Valleys in Tibet

To explore the N and P fertilizers demand and its impact on yield and quality of Avena safiva and Vicia sativa (oat-pea) mixed cultivation, the experiment conducted in agricultural areas of river valleys in Tibet with the altitude of 4 300m. The results indicated: The optimal harvest time was milky maturity stage of oat and pod filling stage of pea, then the mixture forage yield was the highest, the nitrogen and phosphorus yield, and relative feed value were relatively high, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were relatively low. N, P fertilizer and their interaction significantly affected the oat-pea mixture yield, plant height and nutrient content; In the same P level, hay yield, plant height and crude protein appeared a trend of first increase and then decrease along with N increasing; crude fat, ADF and NDF contents in forage decreased significantly when nitrogen fertilizer increased. In the same N level, crude protein, crude fat, ADF contents increased along with P increasing, while NDF decreased gradually. The yield of hay under mixed treatment of N(pure N) 140kg/hm ², P(P₂O₅) 60kg/hm ² was 16 636kg/hm ², increasing 60.74% compared with treatment with no fertilizer, crude fat content reached the highest of 18.42%. To be concluded: N 140kg/hm ², P(P₂O₅) 60kg/hm ² are the optimal fertilizer rate of oat-pea mixed cultivation in this area.