凤县花椒生产气候条件和灾害分析

为实现对花椒生产的气候生态适应性定量评估,从花椒生长气候影响条件和主要气象灾害2个方面构建花椒生产的气候影响评价指标体系,在此基础上,根据凤县1961—2018年长序列的逐日气温、降水和日照等气候资料,对凤县花椒生产的气候条件和主要气象灾害进行系统分析。结果表明,1961—2018年凤县所有年份的年平均气温、降水量和日照时数均处于花椒种植的适宜范围,其中年平均气温、日照时数和降水量分别有89.7%、87.9%和77.6%的年份处于最适范围。凤县花椒生长季≥0℃积温、开花至果实着色期≥0℃积温、果实膨大生长期平均气温和果实着色期气温日较差所有年份均处于适宜范围,其中开花至果实着色期≥0℃积温和果实着色期气温日较差所有年份均处于最适范围;果实着色期平均气温和开花至果实膨大生长期降水量也有75%以上的年份处于适宜范围,其中65%以上年份处于最适范围;果实膨大至着色期相对湿度条件相对较差,处于适宜和最适范围的年份分别为65.5%和24.1%。总体来说,凤县花椒生长季气候条件适宜,有利于花椒产量和品质的提高。凤县花椒生产过程中主要的气象灾害有干旱、低温冷冻害和连阴雨等,但是1961—2018年,这些灾害均有减轻的变化趋势。

Analysis of Climate Condition and Disaster for Chinese Prickly Ash Production in Fengxian County

The paper aims to quantitative assessment of climatic and ecological adaptability of Chinese prickly ash production in Fengxian county. The assessement index system of climatic impact for Chinese prickly ash production was constructed from the aspects of climatic impact conditions and main climate disasters. Based on the assessement index system, climate conditions and disasters of Chinese prickly ash production in Fengxian county of Shaanxi Province was analyzed with daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours history data from 1961 to 2018. The results show that from 1961 to 2018, the annual temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of all yeas in Fengxian county are in the suitable range for Chinese prickly ash cultivation, especially with 89.7% years of annual temperature, 87.9% years of annual sunshine hours and 77.6% years of annual precipitation are in the optimum range. All the years with accumulated temperature above 0℃ during growing season and from flowering to fruit coloring period, average temperature during fruit enlargement growth period, average daily temperature difference during fruit cloring period in Fengxian county are in the suitable range, and all the years with accumulated temperature above 0℃ from flowering to fruit coloring period and average daily temperature difference during fruit coloring period are in the optimum range. Mean temperature during fruit coloring period and precipitation from flowering to fruit enlargement are in the optimum range for more than 75% of the years, of which more than 65% are in the optimum range. Compared with other climate conditions, the relative humidity from fruit enlargement growth to coloring stage are relatively poor, with 65.5% and 24.1% years in suitable and optimum range respectively. Generally speaking, the climate conditions in Fengxian county during the growing season of Chinese prickly ash are suitable, which is conducive to the improvement of yield and quality of Chinese prickly ash. The main climate disasters for production of Chinese prickly ash in Fengxian county include drought, freezing damage at low temperature and continuous rain. But these disasters have a mitigating trend from 1961 to 2018.