杂交水稻籽粒比重与产量品质性状相关分析及其在育种中的应用

为了探究杂交水稻籽粒的比重与产量因素及品质因素相关性,以高产优质品种天优华占为对照,对7个三系不育系与5个自选恢复系进行杂交配组后得到组合的单株穗数、每穗总粒数、籽粒体积、比重、充实度、千粒重等进行研究。结果发现,千粒重是影响产量的最大因素,其次是单株穗数;籽粒比重的提高可以提高整精米率和降低垩白度,从而改善水稻的产量和品质。研究认为,杂交稻水稻的选育中,籽粒较大的情况下兼顾单株穗数和充实度,且单方面强调通过增加粒重去提高产量会导致整精米率降低,因此为兼顾产量与品质,籽粒比重适中为宜。

Correlation Analysis Between Grain Proportion and Yield and Quality Traits of Hybrid Rice and Its Application in Breeding

To explore the correlation between the grain proportion and yield and quality traits of hybrid rice, using the high-yield and high-quality variety‘Tianyouhuazhan’as the control, the combinations were obtained from the hybridization with seven three-line sterile lines and five self-selected restorer lines. The panicle number per plant, the total number of grains per panicle, grain volume, proportion, 1000-grain weight, plumpness, head rice rate and chalkiness degree were detected. There were differences in the panicle number per plant, the total number of grains per panicle and chalkiness among different combinations. The grain proportion increased with the increasing grain weight and volume, and it was positively correlated with yield, but negatively correlated with head rice rate. Through the correlation analysis between grain proportion and yield quality traits, it was found that the grain proportion was positively correlated with head rice rate (0.8370**) and 1000- grain weight (0.7643**), and the correlation coefficients reached extremely significant level, among which 1000- grain weight was the biggest factor affecting yield and the important factor determining the grain proportion. Grain proportion was also positively correlated with the total number of grains per panicle (0.2697) and volume (0.0053), and negatively correlated with plumpness (- 0.2065), the panicle number per plant (-0.3326) and chalkiness degree (-0.1546). The increase of grain proportion can improve head rice rate and reduce the degree of chalkiness, thus to improve the yield and quality of rice. In the breeding of hybrid rice, the panicle number per plant and the plumpness should be considered in the case of large grain, and unilaterally increasing the grain weight would result in head rice rate decreasing. Therefore, in order to balance the yield and quality, the grain proportion should be moderate.