延迟栽培对杨梅果实成熟期和品质的影响

【目的】为延长杨梅鲜果供应期,提高栽培经济效益,【方法】以17年生东魁为材料,采用防虫罗帐和避雨材料同时覆盖树体进行延迟栽培(Delayed cultivation, DC),采用防虫罗帐单独覆盖进行罗帐栽培(Insect-proof cultivation,IPC),并以露地栽培(Open field cultivation)为对照(CK)。调查不同模式下的果实成熟期和产量效益,并测定果实品质。【结果】结果表明,相比露地栽培树体,延迟栽培和罗帐栽培在2016年果实采收结束日期分别推迟14 d和5 d,在2017年分别推迟16 d和4 d。二者相比对照,果实品质和效益更优,尤其是成熟期多雨的2017年,延迟栽培在采收结束时的单果质量、可溶性固形物和总糖均显著高于其他处理,【结论】表明延迟栽培能够达到延迟成熟、延长采收期、提高品质和经济效益的效果,且在成熟期多雨的年份效果更为显著。

Delayed Cultivation Affects Fruit Mature Period and Quality of Myrica rubra

To extend the supply period of fresh fruit of Chinese bayberry, 17 years old trees of‘Dongkui’are used as materials. Insect net and umbrella cloth covering the trees is used for delayed cultivation (DC), single insect net covering is used for insect-proof cultivation (IPC), and trees of open field cultivation is used as control (CK). Fruit ripening date, yield and economic efficiency under different patterns are investigated, and fruit quality is tested for two consecutive years. The results revealed that the ending date of fruit harvest of DC and IPC were delayed for 14 d and 5 d in 2016, respectively, and delayed for 16 d and 4 d in 2017, respectively, compared with that of CK. DC and IPC had better fruit quality and economic efficiency. In the year of 2017, with rainy fruit ripening period, single fruit weight, soluble solids and total sugar of DC were higher than the other two treatments. Therefore, delayed cultivation could achieve delayed maturity, improve quality and economic benefits, and the effect is more significant in rainy years.