喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域粮食作物生态功能评价及生态补偿探讨

根据国家“两区划定”粮食作物的相关统计数据为基础，[方法]运用生态系统服务价值和能值生态足迹方法，[目的]评价喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态系统服务价值、生态足迹和生态承载力，并算出生态补偿额度。[结果]研究结果表明：①2016年喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态系统服务当量价值为2141.24元。②农田系统生态服务体系中保持土壤和废物处理功能当量因子较大，旅游科研功能和原材料生产功能网当量因子较小，农田系统的总生态服务价值约为18697.67元·hm-2。③小麦和玉米的人均生态足迹较大，大豆和水稻的人均生态足迹较小，人均生态足迹为0.328 hm2·人 -1，总合生态足迹为181.18 hm2，耕地人均生态承载力约为0.018 hm2·人 -1。④研究区2016年小麦等四种粮食作物的耕地生态补偿金大约为66.34百万元。[结论] 喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态服务功能较高，但是农田生产能力较弱，耕地生态承载力较小，出现耕地生态赤字，农田生产系统处于不可持续发展状态。

Study on Ecological Function Evaluation and Ecological Compensation of Food Crops in Kashi-Yarkant River Basin

Based on relevant statistical date of “two districts delineated” food crops in the Kashi River-Yelph River Basin, [Method]applying ecosystem service value and energy-ecological footprint methods, [Objective]evaluation of farmland ecosystem service value, ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity and calculate the amount of ecological compensation. [Result]research indicates: ①in 2016, the service equivalent value of cultivated land ecosystem in the Kashi River-Yarkant River Basin was 2,412.24 yuan. ②in the farmland ecological service system, the soil and waste treatment function equivalent factor is large, the tourism scientific research function and the raw material production function network equivalent factor are small, and the total ecological service value of the farmland system is about 18697.67 yuan·hm-2. ③wheat and corn have a higher per capita ecological footprint, soybean and rice have a smaller per capita ecological footprint, the per capita ecological footprint of the farmland system in the Kashi River- Yarkant River Basin is 0.328 hm2·person-1, the total ecological footprint is 181.18hm2. ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land is about 0.018 hm2·person-1.④the ecological compensation for cultivated land for four food crops such as wheat in 2016 is about 66.34 million yuan. [Conclusion] The Kashi River and the Yarkant River Basin cultivated land ecological service function was higher，but cultivated land production capacity was weak, ecological carrying capacity was small, appears ecological deficit and the cultivated land production system was stand in an unsustainable development state in appear ecological deficit，cultivated land ecological carrying capacity is weak,farmland production system is in an unsustainable state.