云南白莺山茶树种质资源遗传多样性及群体结构分析

为研究云南白莺山茶树种质资源的遗传多样性，以白莺山68 份茶树种质为试验材料，进行生物学性状的调查，并采用EST-SSR分子标记毛细管电泳的方法对云南白莺山12 个类型茶树遗传多样性、亲缘关系及群体遗传结构等内容进行研究。结果表明：（1）该群体生物学形态变异非常丰富，涵盖了乔木、小乔木和灌木；大叶种、中叶种和小叶种；叶形有椭圆形、长椭圆形和披针形；芽叶茸毛量呈现从无、少、中、多到特多的连续变化。（2）利用34 对EST-SSR引物进行分子标记分析，表明云南白莺山群体期望杂合度平均值为0.6981，观测杂合度值为0.5982；PIC 信息指数为0.6686，Shannon’s 信息指数为1.6068，有效等位基因数和观测等位基因数分别为4.1761 和9.7353。（3）基于Evanno 统计模型的群体遗传结构分析可将白莺山茶树群体资源分为5 个亚群，5 个亚群间的基因流值为1.8995，群体间遗传分化系数(Fst)0.1163，表明各亚群是一个中度分化的群体，各亚群间存在着基因交流。

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tea Germplasm from Baiying Mountain in Yunnan

The paper aims to study the genetic diversity of tea germplasm in Baiying mountain. The capillary electrophoresis detection with fluorescent EST-SSR marker was used to analyze the genetic polymorphism and genetic relationship of 68 tea plant germplasm. The results showed that: (1) the population biology morphological variation was very rich, covering trees, small trees and shrubs; large leaf, middle leaf and small leaf; oval, oblong and lanceolate; the amount of bud fuzz changed continuously from less to more; (2) the 34 pairs of EST-SSR primers showed that the average of heterozygosity was 0.6981 in Baiying mountain, the observe heterozygosity was 0.5982, the polymorphism information content was 0.6686, the Shannon’s information index was 1.6068; the number of digits and observed alleles were 4.1761 and 9.7353, respectively; (3) the tea germplasm was divided into 5 subpopulations based on Evanno statistical model, the gene flow value among five subpopulations was 1.8995, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations (Fst) was 0.1163. Each subgroup was a moderately differentiated group. There were gene exchanges among subgroups.