食用向日葵主要农艺性状与产量的多元分析

为选出适合新疆气候及种植模式的优质高产食葵新品种，以20 个山西作物所提供的食葵品种为材料，采用相关分析、灰色关联度、回归分析和主成分分析法，探讨食葵农艺性状与产量之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）食葵主要农艺性状变异范围为3.41%~17.9%，食葵平均花盘重的变异系数较大，茎粗百粒重和花盘直径次之，叶片数等较小，生育期最小。（2）食葵产量与结实率呈极显著正相关，生育期与叶片数和茎粗呈显著正相关，株高与茎粗、平均花盘重和籽粒宽度呈显著正相关，百粒重和平均花盘重、籽粒长度及籽粒宽度呈显著正相关。（3）食葵品种各性状与产量间的关联度大小依次是叶片数＞生育期＞籽粒饱满度＞花盘直径和株高＞茎粗＞出仁率＞结实率＞籽粒长度＞百粒重＞籽粒宽度。（4）影响食葵产量的关键农艺性状以结实率、出仁率为主。

Multivariate Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Edible Sunflower

To select new sunflower varieties of high-quality and high-yield which are adaptable to Xinjiang's climate and planting patterns, using 20 sunflower varieties provided by Shanxi Crops Institute as materials, the correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, regression analysis, and principal component analysis were conducted to explore the relationship between agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that: (1) the variation range of the main agronomic traits of sunflower was 3.41%-17.9%, the variation coefficient of the average flower disk weight was the largest, then was that of the stem diameter, 100-grain weight and disk diameter, followed by that of the leaf number, the variation coefficient of the growth period was the minimum; (2) there was a highly and significantly positive correlation between the yield and seed setting rate, the growth period was significantly and positively correlated with the number of leaves and stem diameter, the plant height had a significantly positive correlation with the stem diameter, the average disk weight and grain width, and the 100-grain weight had a significantly positive correlation with the average disk weight, the grain length and the grain width; (3) the correlation degrees between the traits and yield of the sunflower varieties were: leaf number> growth stage> grain fullness> face diameter and plant height> stem diameter> kernel rate> seed setting rate> grain length> 100 grain weight> grain width; (4) the key agronomic traits affecting the output of sunflower were mainly seed setting rate and kernel rate.