草果种子萌发特性研究

摘 要：探讨草果种子休眠的原因及其萌发的最佳条件，为草果种子的质量检验方法及提高播种育苗成功率提供参考。浸种称重法测定种皮透水性；生物鉴定法检测发芽抑制物；设置不同前处理、不同光照和温度、不同发芽床以及不同贮藏方法等处理对草果种子进行发芽试验，测定发芽率。结果表明草果种子吸水率较低，吸水67 h仅达40%左右；种子水浸提液对白菜种子萌发具有明显的抑制作用；经湿沙层积处理30天后的种子，其发芽率和发芽整齐度明显提高，较未处理种子发芽率提高近50%；以纱布作发芽床，30/20℃变温、12 h光照条件下种子发芽率最高，达54.75%。草果种子中存在发芽抑制物可能是导致其休眠的主要原因之一；湿沙层积处理可有效降解发芽抑制物，是草果种子最佳前处理方法；以纱布作发芽床，12 h光照、30/20℃变温条件是草果种子萌发的最适宜条件；草果种子以湿沙进行贮藏为好。

The Germination Characteristics of Amomumtsao-ko Seed

To provide a reference for quality test and improving the success rate of sowing and seedling of Amomumtsao- ko seed, we investigated its dormancy causes and optimum germination condition. The water，permeability was measured by weighing method after soaking seeds; the germination inhibitor was detected by biological assay; the germination test was conducted under the following conditions: different preliminary treatments, different light and temperature, different germinating beds as well as different storage methods, to measure the germination rate. The results showed that Amomumtsao- ko seed had low water absorption, only 40% after 67 h; the aqueous extracts of Amomumtsao- ko seed inhibited the germination of cabbage seeds obviously; the germination rate and uniformity of the seeds treated by wet sand lamination for 30 d were improved significantly and the germination rate increased by 50% comparing with the untreated seeds; using gauze as the germination bed, Amomumtsao-ko seed had the highest germination rate under 12 h light and 30/ 20℃ alternating condition, up to 54.75%. The germination inhibitors in the seed might be one of the maincauses of dormancy; wet sand lamination treatment could effectively degrade the germination inhibitors, therefore, it was the optimum pretreatment method. 12 h light, 30/20℃ alternating condition and gauze as the germination bed is the optimum germination condition; wet sand storage is the optimum storage method.