钵体苗带式供苗移栽机的设计与试验

针对目前移栽机通用性差,造价高,不利于推广应用等问题,设计一种由输送带喂入钵体苗并输送钵苗的移栽机,重点设计一种开沟植苗器。该开沟植苗器集扶苗、导苗和开沟功能于一体,主要由扶苗板、导苗通道和改进的靴型开沟器组成。扶苗板由2块薄板组合而成,可根据钵苗大小调整扶苗板位置、角度及长度,使处于最佳扶苗状态,保证钵苗竖直进入导苗通道;开沟器开出横截面近似V型沟壑,有利于钵苗竖直下落至沟壑时立正扎稳。在温室内进行移栽甘蓝和玉米的试验,结果表明:前进速度为0.254m/s时,株距变异系数25%,移栽直立度合格率90%。该移栽机结构简单,移栽行距、株距可调节;对不同农作物钵苗具有一定的调节适应性。

Design and experiments on a transplanter with belt feeding on block seedling

For the problems of low generality and high manufacturing cost of the existing transplanters,a transplanter with belt feeding on and conveying block seedling was designed,especially the design of a furrowing-planting device.The device combines the functions of supporting seedling,guiding seedling and furrow opening,which is conducted by seedling-supporting plate,seedling-guiding channel and improved boot type furrow opener respectively.The position,angle and length of the seedling-supporting plate consisting of two thin plates can be adjusted according to the seedling size,so that the seedling-planting plate can be in its optimal working state to ensure transporting block seedling into seedling-guiding channel.The improved boot type furrow opener can produce approximate V-section gully,which guarantees that block seedling can be implanted into soil stably when falling vertically to the falling-seedling area.Experiments of transplanting cabbage and maize in Multi-span Greenhouse showed that the variation coefficient of plant spacing was less than 25% and qualified rate of upright degree was more than 90% when forward speed was 0.254m/s.The new transplanter has the advantages of simple structure,adjustability of row spacing and plant spacing,and applicability by adjustment according to different crops block seedlings.