马克思关于农业发展两条道路的思想

马克思的农业发展理论实际上经历了前后两个阶段的变化。早期,马克思强调西欧,特别是英国的经验,将农奴制下的农村公社—自耕小农土地所有制—资本主义雇佣型大农业—社会主义集体合作制大农业的发展序列作为人类社会农业发展的唯一道路。晚年,马克思的农业发展理论发生了转变,特别是对农村公社,以及自耕小农土地所有制和资本主义大农业的发展问题产生了新的认识。他认为农村公社包含了公有与私有两重因素,因而,农业发展道路并不是唯一的,完全有可能通过公有因素战胜私有因素使农村公社直接过渡到社会主义集体合作制大农业,而不必经过自耕小农土地所有制和资本主义大土地所有制的发展阶段。

Marx''''s Views on the Two Paths of Agricultural Development

There are two periodical changes in Marx's agricultural development theory.In the early days,he attached more importance to the Western-European experience,particularly the British experience,and identified the order-the rural community affected by the serf system-small land owned by peasants-the great capitalist agriculture-the great socialist agriculture managed by the collective cooperation.-as the only way of agricultural development in the human society.In the later days,Marx changed his agricultural development theory.He thought there were both collective and private factors in the rural community,so there was not only one way of agricultural development.When the private factors were overwhelmed by the collective factors,the rural community can be directly in transition to the socialist agriculture managed by the collective cooperation.