小麦籽粒胚乳结构性状的研究

利用扫描电镜观察了 4个小麦品种 (系 )的籽粒断面 ,分析了 2 6个小麦品种的加工品质性状。结果表明 :软麦籽粒断面胚乳薄壁细胞的淀粉粒清晰可见 ,并保持完整状态 ,胚乳结构比较疏松 ;而硬麦籽粒断面胚乳淀粉粒多数破碎 ,胚乳结构相对致密。硬麦品种出粉率、粗蛋白含量、沉淀值、面团评价值等性状的平均值均高于软麦品种 ,但软麦的水溶性蛋白质含量平均值高于硬麦品种。籽粒硬度与角质率与多种加工品质性状呈显著正相关 ,与水溶性蛋白质呈显著负相关 ,因而硬度作为硬麦指标比较可靠。试验还发现 ,参试软麦品种中有沉淀值较高的品种出现。

Study on structural characters of grain endosperm of wheat

This paper observed endosperm structures of grain sections of four wheat varieties(lines) by the scanning electron microscope,and analyzed the industrial quality of twenty three wheat varieties.Results indicated that the endosperm cell starch particles in the grain section of soft wheat were very clear in sight and were like boll shape,original shape,but the most starch particles in the grain section of hard wheat were broken.The endosperm structure of the soft wheat was looser than that of the hard wheat.Averages of flour yields,protein contents,sedimentation values and dough valorimeter values of the hard wheat varieties were higher than those of the soft wheat varieties.Average of albumin components of the soft wheat,however,was higher than that of the hard wheat.Hardness of wheat grains was positively correlated to pearl index and industrial qualities significantly,but inversely correlated to the albumin component significantly.Hardness was a good identified guideline for the hard wheat.In soft wheat,there were some wheat varieties with high sedimentation value.