硫酸铜蓄积对日本[虫寻]4种组织细胞超微结构的影响观察

通过蓄积毒性试验，研究了安全质量浓度（0．5mg·L^-1）下硫酸铜（CuSO4·5H2O）对日本虫寻]（Charybdis japonica）4种组织细胞（肌肉、鳃、肝胰脏和心脏）超微结构的影响。结果表明，铜离子（Cu^2＋）蓄积主要损伤的组织是鳃和肝胰脏，其次是心脏和肌肉。鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿，细胞器溶解，角质层变薄，线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体；肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少，线粒体水肿解体，内质网扩张，细胞核空泡化，核膜水肿和脂肪滴增加；心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解，肌原纤维不规则，内质网溶解。0．5mg·L^-1的CuSO4·5H2O经过16d蓄积后虽然没有导致日本虫寻]死亡，但已经对其体内组织细胞的超微结构产生了不同程度的影响。

Effects of accumulated copper sulfate on cellular ultrastructure in four tissues of Charybdis japonica

With accumulate toxicity test, the effects of 0. 5 mg·L^-1 copper sulfate accumulation on uhrastructure of cells in 4 tissues （heart, gill, muscle and hepatopancreas） of Charybdis japonica were studied. The results showed that the copper sulfate accumulation caused more damages to gill and hepatopancreas than to heart and muscle. The injured gill cells had a different uhrastructure, with endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesiculated, mitochondrial cristaes partially disintegrated, gill fibre cuticles denatured and dropped. The ultrastructural damages to hepatopancreatic cells were characterized by the decrease of microvilli, swelling and breaking up of mitochondria, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, disruption and vacuolization of nucleus, tumefaction of nuclear membrane and increase of lipid droplets. As for the toxicological changes of myocardial cells, the mitochondria were swelling, having a lot of vacuolus and disintegrating, while the myofibrils were irregular with endoplasmic reticulum dissolved. Although the samples of C. japonica, which had been exposed to 0. 5 mg·L^-1 copper sulfate for 16 days, were still alive, uhrastructural damages were found in the cells of gill, hepatopancreas, heart and muscle.