水稻生殖障碍及杂种劣势研究综述

杂交育种是提高作物产量最成功的技术之一，而杂种优势的利用是作物杂交育种中最重要的遗传学基础。目前，水稻杂种优势利用理论与实践的研究已经达到了较高的水平，同时杂交水稻的生产与发展促进了世界的粮食安全。虽然杂种优势是自然界的一种普遍现象，但在杂交水稻育种实践中也时常发现生殖障碍和杂种劣势的现象。水稻生殖障碍和杂种劣势现象及其形成机理的研究是完善作物杂交育种理论和揭示品种本质的一个课题，本文简要综述了水稻生殖障碍类型及成因，并着重介绍了水稻杂种劣势的概念、类别、遗传特性以及杂种劣势基因分布和定位研究进展。

Review of Studies on Reproductive Barriers and Hybrid Weakness in Rice

Hybrid crop breeding based on use of hybrid vigor is one of the most promising techniques among the approaches for improving crop yield. The theory and practice in use of hybrid vigor of rice have being well developed currently, meanwhile, hybrid rice production made a great contribution in support of food security of the world. Although hybrid vigor is a common phenomenon in crop, the performance of reproductive barriers and/or hybrid weakness was also appeared occasionally in the practice with applying hybrid rice breeding. Studies on the causes of reproductive barriers and hybrid weakness is an essential for better understanding the principle of hybrid crop breeding as well as for revealing the nature of crop variety. This paper briefly summarizes the factors that cause reproductive barriers; furthermore, reviews the concept, classification, and current study progress on the genetic characterization, gene distribution and mapping of hybrid weakness in rice.