农田土壤承载畜禽粪便能力研究

研究了育肥猪、母猪的日采食量和日排泄量以及稻田土壤猪粪利用效率和残留率,对稻田土壤猪粪重金属元素的残留率进行了长期定位监测。试验结果表明:每季每公顷配合施用15 t猪粪+50%化肥,一般不会造成农田土壤有害重金属元素的积累;每季每公顷施30 t猪粪,可能会造成有害重金属元素铬、镉的积累;每季每公顷施45 t猪粪,能明显造成重金属元素铜、铬、镉、锌的积累。长期定位试验结果表明:每年每公顷稻田施用20 t猪粪,土壤重金属铜、锌、砷会有一定的积累。得出每年每公顷稻田施用猪粪量应控制在15 t以内。通过计算,得出每公顷农田承载母猪粪便能力为15头、果园为30头,承载存栏育肥猪粪便能力为45头、果园为60头。

Environmental Loading Capacity of Farmland Soil for Dung of Livestock and Poultry

This paper investigated the daily eating feed and excrement of sowing pig and fattening pig,studied the using efficiency and residual rate of pig dung in paddy soil,and monitored the heavy metal residue in paddy soil after application of pig dung in Jiangxi.According to the experimental results,it was found that the application of 30 t/hm2 pig dung per cropping might lead to the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cr and Cd in the tested paddy soil,and applying 45 t/hm2 pig dung per cropping could significantly cause the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu,Cr,Cd and Zn.While when the rate of application per cropping was 15 t/hm2 pig dung combined with equal nutrients of chemical fertilizer,no heavy metals accumulation was found in the tested paddy soil.The results of long-term location-fixed experiment told that when the application rate of pig dung was 20 t/hm2 per cropping,the comparative heavy metals accumulation was found in the paddy soil.Therefore,the application rate of pig dung every year should be controlled below 15 t/hm2.Considering the daily excrement per pig,this paper worked out that the environmental loading capacity per hectare paddy soil for livestock and poultry dung was 15 heads of sowing pig or 45 heads of fattening pig;that per hectare orchard soil for livestock and poultry dung was 30 heads of sowing pig or 60 heads of fattening pig.