外来入侵杂草黄顶菊的发生特性与综合控制技术

黄顶菊是中国近年来新记录的一种外来入侵恶性杂草,入侵后迅速蔓延并造成大面积危害.综述近年来对黄顶菊的分类学地位、生长、光合及遗传特性、防控措施及其分布等方面的研究成果.黄顶菊具有喜光喜湿、耐盐碱贫瘠、生长繁殖迅速、结实量大等特点,环境适应性极强,其种子易于随气流传播和混在农产品中人为传播扩散.预期黄顶菊在未来10～20年内将可能扩散到更大范围危害,对该杂草应加强研究,创制出经济安全而有效的持续控制技术措施.

Biological characters and integrated control of the alien invasive weed Flaveria bidentis

Yellow-top weed, Flaveria bidentis, is an important alien invasive plant recorded in 2001 in China and has been spreading rapidly since then. It is now widely distributed in Tianjin city and Henan province. The present paper reviews the achievements of studies in biology and ecology of yellow-top weed, including its classification, morphology, growth and reproduction, photosynthesis, genetics, allelopathic effects and integrated control. The weed can grow under relatively high temperature, light and humidity conditions and soil barrenness. The seeds of the weed are easily transmitted by wind, animals(insects etc.) and by long distance transportation or exchange of crop products infested with the weed seeds. It is expected that the distribution of yellow-top weed will be expanded to greater area (Beijing, Henan and Shandong province) in the next one or two decades in China. Greater attention will be paid to yellow-top weed studies by weed scientists and more effective and economical strategies will be available for uses in yellow-top weed control.