磷钾营养元素对辽东楤木生长及品质的影响

以二年生辽东楤木为试验材料,分别设置磷元素(100、200和300 kg·hm-2)和钾元素(90、180和270 kg·hm-2)施肥组合处理,研究磷钾营养对辽东楤木生长及品质的影响.结果表明,施用磷、钾可有效提高辽东楤木长势和嫩芽产量,改善品质,显著提高辽东楤木嫩芽多糖、黄酮、皂苷、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量.中等水平磷与低水平钾组合(P2K1,磷酸二铵200 kg·hm-2+硫酸钾90 kg·hm-2)有利于辽东楤木多糖和皂苷积累;中等水平磷与中等水平钾组合(P2K2,磷酸二铵200 kg·hm-2+硫酸钾180 kg·hm-2)有利于辽东楤木株高、茎粗增加,黄酮和可溶性蛋白质积累.通过主成分分析对各组合评分排序,分值最高组合是P2K2,其次是P2K1.

Effects of different phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements on growth and qualities of Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem.

In this study, two years old Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem. were treated as experimental materials. Three kinds of phosphorus nutrient elements(100, 200 and 300 kg · hm~(-2)) and three kinds of potassium nutrient elements(90, 180 and 270 kg · hm~(-2)) were added, respectively. To show the effects of phosphorus and potassium nutrition on the growth and quality of Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem. The results showed that phosphorus and potassium application rates effectively affected the growth, shoot yield and quality of Aralia elata, and also significantly increased the contents of polysaccharide, flavonoid,saponin, soluble sugar and soluble protein in the shoots of Aralia elata. The combination of medium phosphorus and low potassium(P_2K_1, diammonium phosphate 200 kg · hm~(-2)+ potassium sulfate 90 kg · hm~(-2))was beneficial to the accumulation of polysaccharides and saponins contents in Aralia elata. The combination of medium phosphorus and medium potassium(P_2K_2, diammonium phosphate 200 kg · hm~(-2)+potassium sulfate 180 kg · hm~(-2)) was beneficial to the improvement of growth and accumulation of flavonoids and soluble protein contents in Aralia elata. Principal component analysis was used to rank various combinations. The highest score was the combination of intermediate phosphorus and potassium(P_2K_2), followed by the combination of intermediate phosphorus and low potassium(P_2K_1).