福建省葡萄果实病害调查及微生态制剂田间应用研究

调查2019年福建省葡萄果实病害情况，并进行微生态制剂田间应用研究。对清水对照、单一施用化学药剂、单一施用微生态制剂、前期施用微生态制剂后期施用化学药剂这4种施药方式进行差异性比较，进而优化微生态制剂施药方式，以期减少化学药剂使用量。结果表明，2019年福建省酸腐病、黑曲霉病危害严重，炭疽病危害次之，灰霉病、白腐病危害相对较轻。与露地栽培模式相比，避雨栽培模式能显著降低炭疽病危害（P < 0.05）。前期施用微生态制剂后期施用化学药剂的施药方式能显著降低酸腐病发病率并显著增加百粒重，减少化学药剂施用量。建议福建省在葡萄栽培过程中须重视对酸腐病、黑曲霉病的防治，加大避雨栽培模式的推广力度，并合理应用微生态制剂进行葡萄果实病害绿色防控。

The investigation of grape fruit diseases in Fujian Province and the study on the field application of microecological preparation

To investigate the occurrence of grape fruit diseases in Fujian Province in2019, and to study the field application of microecological preparation. In order to optimize better way of application of microecological preparation and reduce the use of chemical fungicides, four difference application ways were compared: clear water control, single application of chemical fungicides, single application of microecological preparation, using microecological preparation early stage and using chemical fungicides later stage. The results showed that , in 2019 the sour rot and Aspergillus Niger in grape were seriously damaged, followed by grape ripe rot, grape grey mold and grape white rot were relatively minor. Compared with open-air cultivation mode, rain-shelter cultivation mode can significantly reduce the harm of grape ripe rot(P < 0.05). Using microecological preparation early stage and using chemical fungicides later stage could significantly reduce the incidence rate of grape sour rot and significantly increase 100-grain weight and it could reduce the use of chemical fungicides. It is suggested that in Fujian Province growers should pay more attention to the control of sour rot and Aspergillus Niger, increasing the promotion of rain-shelter cultivation mode, and rational apply microecological preparation for green control of grape fruit diseases.