3种植物源农药对蓝莓蚜虫的室内毒力测定及田间防效

[目的] 通过室内毒力测定及田间药效试验评定3种植物源农药对蓝莓蚜虫的防治效果。[方法] 分别采用浸叶法和常规喷雾法进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果] 室内毒力测定结果表明3种植物源农药中以0.3%印楝素乳油对蓝莓蚜虫毒力最高,药后48h的LC50值为11.20mg.L-1,3种供试植物源农药相对于22%氟啶虫胺腈的毒力指数均小于1,说明3种植物源农药的毒力显著低于22%氟啶虫胺腈的毒力。田间药效试验结果表明3种植物源农药在各供试浓度下防治效果随药后天数增加而增加,但其防治效果均显著低于22%氟啶虫胺腈的处理,单就3种植物源农药看,苦参碱对蚜虫防效最佳,在药后5d,苦参碱不同浓度防效均在71.64%以上,0.3%印楝素次之,而鱼藤酮对蓝莓蚜虫的防效较差。[结论] 在进行有机生产或蚜虫虫口密度低且对环境安全有较高要求时,蓝莓生产中可以选择苦参碱来降低蚜虫种群基数。

Indoor toxicity test and field control effect of three botanical pesticides on blueberry aphids

[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy of three botanical pesticides against blueberry aphids by indoor toxicity test and field efficacy test. [Methods] indoor toxicity test and field efficacy test were conducted by leaf dipping method and conventional spray method respectively. [Result] The toxicity of 0.3% Azadirachtin EC to blueberry aphids was the highest among the three botanical pesticides. The L C50 value was 11.20 mg/L-1 48 hours after the treatment. The toxicity index of the three botanical pesticides was less than 1 compared with 22% fipronil, indicating that the toxicity of the three botanical pesticides was significantly lower than that of 22% fipronil. The results of field efficacy test showed that the control effect of three plant-derived pesticides increased with the increase of days after treatment, but the control effect was significantly lower than that of 22% fluazinamidonitrile. In terms of the three plant-derived pesticides, matrine had the best control effect on aphids. Five days after treatment, the control effect of matrine at different concentrations was over 71.64%, followed by 0.3% azadirachtin, and rotenone on blueberries. The control effect of aphids is poor. [Conclusion] Matrine can be used to reduce the population base of aphids in blueberry production when organic production or aphid population density is low and environmental safety is high.