杏杂种一代群体S基因的遗传研究

 以4～5年生的凯特(自交亲和) 、新世纪(自交不亲和) 以及凯特×新世纪、凯特×红丰(自交不亲和) 、凯特×泰安水杏(自交不亲和) 等杏群体为试材, 采用田间授粉试验及S-allele-specificPCR扩增等方法对杏S基因的遗传进行了研究。结果表明: 如果按照自交坐果率≥6%为自交亲和的标准,上述3个杂交组合的F₁ 群体自交亲和与自交不亲和的比例分别为27∶25, 9∶12和15∶19, 经X² 检验, 均符合1∶1的分离比例, 证明凯特的自交亲和性是可遗传的, 并且其S 基因型是杂合的, 自交亲和对自交不亲和为显性; 对凯特( S_cS₈ ) ×新世纪( S₉ S₁₀ ) F₁ 群体38 个株系进行S-allele specific PCR, 共扩增出21(S_cS₈、S₈S₉ ) ∶9 (S_cS₁₀ ) ∶8 (S₈S₁₀ ) 4种基因型, 经X² 检验, 符合1∶1∶1∶1的理论比例; 但自交亲和性表现数量性状变异的特点, 并且相同S基因型的F₁ 自交亲和性强度存在明显差异, 如杂种8、14、16、20、22、27、33、34、38号的S基因型都为S_cS₁₀ , 但自交坐果率从1.1%到22.9%不等, 表明杏的自交亲和性是一个复杂的问题, 不仅与S基因及其基因型有关, 还可能受修饰基因等其它遗传因素的调控。

Inheritance of S-gene among the F1 Progenies in Apricot

Inheritance of S-gene in apricot was studied with 4 - 5 years old Katy(self-compatibility) ,Xinshiji ( self-incompatibility) , and F₁ progenies from Katy ×Xinshiji, Katy ×Hongfeng ( self-incompatibility) and Katy ×Taianshuixing ( self-incompatibility) as materials. Self-compatibility was determined by investigating fruiting percentage of self-pollination in fields, and S-genotypes were detected by S-allele specific PCR. The results were as follows: according to the standard that fruiting rate of self-pollination in self-compatible cultivar was higher than 6%, the ratios of self-compatible to self-incompatible seedlingswere 27∶25, 9∶12 and 15∶19 in the above three families, respectively, and they were proved to be a 1∶1 segregation by X² test, so it could be concluded that the self-compatibility of Katy was transferable and heterozygous, and self-compatibility was dominant to self-incompatibility. Ulterior 38 seedlings from the F₁ population of Katy (S_cS₈) ×Xinshiji (S₉S₁₀ ) crosswere studied bymeans of S-allele-specific PCR, and four S-genotypes, 21 (S_cS₈ ,S₈S₉ ) ∶9 (S_cS₁₀ ) ∶8 (S₈S₁₀ ) , were amp lified which were confirmed to 1∶1∶1∶1 expected ratio by X² test, but the self-compatibility represented quantitative character and the fruiting percentage of self-pollination separated widely in hybridswith the same S-genotype, then it indicated that self-compatibility in apricot was not only determined by S-gene or S-genotypes, but also affected by other factors, such as modifying genes.