4SY–1型油菜割晒机切割与拨禾装置的优化设计与试验

研制的4SY–1型油菜割晒机主要由机架、循环式切割装置、双向对搂式拨禾装置、传动机构等组成。工作时，被循环式切割器切断后的油菜茎秆在左右两侧对称拨禾机构驱动下，从两侧向放铺通道推送挤压，实现双向对搂拨送和后侧放铺，达到茎秆首尾搭接式条铺。为保证循环式割刀切割过程的可靠性，对切割刀片的刃口参数进行了优化设计。运用仿人工拨禾作业原理设计了双向对搂中间放铺式拨禾装置，确定了拨禾装置主要结构尺寸。田间试验结果表明，在工作速度0.8 m/s、割幅1 m、种植密度22.5万株/hm2时，油菜铺放角为11.48°，角度差为6.64°，油菜平均铺层高562.7 mm，平均铺层宽955.6 mm，油菜茎秆以首尾搭接方式铺放，该油菜割晒机的切割与拨禾装置可以完成田间油菜有效切割、拨禾、放铺作业。

Optimized design and test of cutting and reeling device of 4SY-1 rape windrower

The 4SY-1 rape windrower is mainly composed of frame, circulating cutter, two-way symmetric reeling mechanism, and transmission mechanism, etc. During the work, the rape stalks are cut by the circulating cutter driven by the symmetrical reel mechanism on the left and right sides, and pushed and squeezed from both sides to the laying channel to achieve two-way symmetric reeling and back-side laying. The stalks are laid in a lap at the beginning and end. The parameters of cutting blade edge were optimized to ensure the reliability of the circulating cutter during the cutting process. The two-way symmetric reeling mechanism for intermediate laying was designed by using the principle of manual spreading, and the main structural dimensions of the reeling mechanism were determined. The field test results show that the rape laying angle is 11.48°, the angle difference is 6.64°, the average laying height of rape is 562.7 mm, and the average laying width is 955.6 mm, at the working speed of 0.8 m/s, cutting width of 1 m and planting density of 225 000 plants/hm2. It is found that the rape is laid in the field in the way of first and last lap, and the cutting and reeling device of the rape windrower can complete the field rape cutting, reeling and laying operation in the field at one time effectively.