耕作方式和钾肥用量对旱作马铃薯产量及水肥利用率的影响

2019年，在宁夏南部旱作马铃薯种植区，通过田间试验研究了传统耕作与粉垄耕作下不同钾肥用量(0、45、90、135、180 kg/hm²)对马铃薯干物质累积、产量及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明：与传统耕作相比，粉垄耕作马铃薯的干物质累积量明显提高，干物质最大累积速率和平均累积速率分别提高了33.3%和31.0%，施钾90kg/hm²的马铃薯干物质累积总量显著高于其他施钾处理的；相同的施钾量处理，粉垄耕作显著提高了马铃薯单株薯质量、单薯质量、商品薯率，显著降低小薯率，产量提高了23.3%，其中，施钾90 kg/hm²的马铃薯产量最高，达45 122.5 kg/hm²;2种耕作方式下均以施钾90 kg/hm²时钾肥利用率最高，分别达46.0%、55.0%；相同的施钾量处理，粉垄耕作显著提高了马铃薯的水分利用效率，比传统耕作的提高了29.7%～39.8%。可见，粉垄耕作结合适宜钾肥用量可显著促进马铃薯生长，提高马铃薯产量和水肥利用效率。

Effects of tillage methods and potassium fertilizer dosages on potato yield and water-fertilizer utilization in the dry farmland

In the dry farming potato growing areas in southern Ningxia in 2019, field trials were conducted to study the effects of different potassium fertilizer dosages(0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg/hm2) on potato dry matter accumulation, yield and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency with traditional and Fenlong tillage methods. The results showed that compared to traditional tillage methods, dry matter accumulation was significantly increased under Fenlong tillage, as the maximum dry matter accumulation rate and average dry matter accumulation rate increased 33.3% and 31.0%, respectively. The total amount of dry matter accumulation of potatoes treated with 90 kg/hm2 potassium fertilizer was significantly higher than those of other potassium fertilizer treatments. Under the uniform potassium fertilizer treatments, Fenlong tillage significantly increased individual plant mass, individual potato mass and commercial potato rate, and reduced the rate of small potatoes. Compared to traditional tillage, Fenlong tillage increased yield by 23.3%. Under Fenlong tillage, the potatoes with a 90 kg/hm2 potassium fertilizer yield reached 45 122.5 kg/hm2 at its highest. Under both tillage methods, potassium fertilizer utilization rate was highest with the 90 kg/hm2 potassium fertilizer treatment, reaching 46.0% and 55.0% for traditional and Fenlong tillage methods, respectively. Under the uniform potassium fertilizer treatments, water utilization efficiencies increased 29.7%-39.8% with Fenlong tillage compared to traditional tillage. We could conclude that Fenlong tillage combined with appropriate potassium fertilizer application significantly promote the potato growth, increase the potato yield and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency.