岷江源区生态群落空间分布及植被恢复

为保护岷江地区生物多样性，恢复退化的植被本底资源尤为关键。笔者按岷江源区河谷植被退化梯度及流域-海拔梯度，设置“U”或“M”型临时观测样带，并采用样方法对乔木、灌木及草本进行详细调查。结果表明：（1）沿岷江源区河谷（流域-海拔梯度）剖面线设置“U”或“M”形样带3条，对植被和环境因子进行调查，共计73个样方316个物种，创建样地-物种数据库，运用DCA和DCCA排序及多元回归方法，得出DCA排序在AX1轴上，海拔由上到下逐渐增高，植被沿海拔分布的梯度格局得到很好地体现，在山体中部，植被结构出现多层，乔木种多为岷江冷杉和云杉及少量白桦。（2）用DCA分析法对岷江源区73个样方内316种植物进行排序分析，计算各群系DCA排序轴的平均值，结合前文DCA排序结果，即DCA排序轴反映的生态梯度关系及植物生理特征和生态适应性特点，得到岷江源区植被群系的演替关系为：云杉、冷杉针叶林-鲜卑花和绣线菊灌丛-锦鸡儿和小檗灌丛-白茅草甸。（3）在满足垂直分布规律的条件下，为植被不同生长型选择恢复的目标群落及物种，结果如下：①亚高山针叶林带：岷江冷杉+（峨眉蔷薇+金背杜鹃+冰川茶镳子）+（细弱草莓+东方草莓+丝叶苔草），云杉+（峨眉蔷薇+窄叶鲜卑花+沙柳）+（细弱草莓+丝叶苔草+陕甘蓼+东方草莓）；②高山灌丛带：高山柳+披针苔草，窄叶鲜卑花+洽草，高山绣线菊+丝叶苔草，甘青锦鸡儿+密生苔草；③高山草甸群落：白茅草甸，丝叶苔草草甸。在植被恢复期，应该大力发展乔灌草的多层次、多物种、多结构的混交群落结构，提高植被抵御外界破坏的综合能力，同时施以各种工程措施，使得岷江源区生态系统得到逐步恢复。

The Spatial Distribution of Ecological Community and Vegetation Restoration in the Source Region of Minjiang River

In order to protect the biodiversity,the restoration of the degraded vegetation is indispensable.A ccording to the gradient of the altitude in the source region of Minjiang River,three transects of vegetationp lots were settled to investigate the facts of the vegetation and the environment.Then two databases of the sites and species were established.Then the regression analysis between the ordination axes and environmentale lements were applied.The results suggested that:On the first axis scores of DCA,the ...