小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS210育性的主基因＋多基因混合遗传分析

应用植物数量性状“主基因+多基因混合遗传模型”方法，分析了光温敏核雄性不育系BS210，与两个恢复系（BY149和O201）配制的2个杂交组合的亲本P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂育性的遗传效应。结果表明，两个组合F₂的育性（结实率）次数分布均呈混合的正态分布，最适遗传模型均为E-1，即育性由两对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性多基因共同控制。两对主基因的加性效应近似相等，在两个组合中分别为－10.626、－10.068和－14.659、－14.655，主基因遗传力分别为25%和40%。两个组合的多基因加性效应分别为－6.225和5.025，多基因遗传力分别为16.67%和13.33%。两个组合的主效基因表现类似，但多基因效应存在较大的差异。环境对育性的影响较大，二系杂交小麦组合的育性受遗传因素和环境因素的共同控制。

The Mixed Genetic Analysis of Photoperiod-Temperature Sensitive Male Sterility of BS210 in Wheat

Fertility inheritance in 4 populations of 2 parents (P₁ and P₂), F₁ and F₂ from each of the two crosses (BS210×BY149, BS210×O201) in wheat , were investigated by the mixed major gene plus poly-genes in genetic model of quantitative traits. The female parent BS210 is a photo-thermo sensitive male genic sterile line. The frequency distribution of fertility in F2 population of two crosses showed characteristics of a mixed normal distribution, which indicated that the inheritance of fertility followed a major gene plus poly-genes model. Twenty-four genetic models were established, which could be classified into five types: one major gene, two major genes, polygenes, one major gene plus polygenes and two major genes plus polygenes. Results showed the genetic model E-1 was the most suitable model for the trait, i.e. the fertility was controlled by two additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus additive- dominance polygenes. The additive effects of two major genes were equal approximately with －10.626, －10.068 and －14.659, －14.655 in two crosses, respectively. The heritabilitis of major genes were 25% and 40% in two crosses, respectively. The additive effects of polygenes were －6.225 and 5.025, and the heritabilitis of polygenes were 16.67% and 13.33% in two crosses, respectively. Those indicated that the effects of major genes were identical approximately but the effects of poly-genes were great different possibly in the crosses with same female parent (photo-thermo sensitive male sterile line) and different male parents (restore lines). The effect of environment was significant to fertility. Therefore, the fertility was controlled by both of inheritable factor and environmental factor in this study.