Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Banana Infructescence Stalks in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Water extract of banana (Musa sapientum) infructescence stalks has been used in folk medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This work aims at verifying the claimed effect and elucidating its possible mode of action. The extract was given in replacement of drinking water to diabetic rats, and its mechanism of action was studied by investigating its involvement in glucose transport in Caco-2 monolayers, and in rat jejuna using an in situ perfusion technique. Its effect on the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase was studied by measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate liberated. The extract reduced significantly blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and glucose transport across rat jejuna and Caco-2 monolayers, and induced a 50 % decrease in their Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity. The extract did not induce any further decrease in jejunal glucose uptake in the simultaneous presence of phloridzin and phloretin, respective inhibitors of SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters nor did it induce a change in the protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2. It was concluded that the extract acts by reducing the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity of enterocytes and consequently the sodium gradient required for sugar transport by SGLT1, which leads to down-regulation of GLUT2 and contributes to the observed anti-hyperglycemic effect.