小麦杂种优势群研究：Ⅳ．普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦的种间杂种优势

本研究利用6个普通小麦品系与14个从国外引进的斯卑尔脱小麦杂交，研究了种间杂种优势表现，并探讨了扩大杂交小麦育种亲本的遗传基础和构建种间杂种优势群的途径。连续两年的试验结果表明，普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦种间杂种存在较强的杂种优势。就平均优势而言，单株产量，单穗产量和千粒重优势最大，分别为111.39%,62.77%,45.72%，单株穗数，株高和主穗粒数优势次之，分别为24．13％，20．18％和12．76％，主穗小穗数和主穗长优势较小，分别为4．08％和0．67％。研究还发现，种间杂种抽穗斯比母本普通小麦晚0－6d，但较父本斯卑尔脱小麦提前20d左右，表明早熟性呈部分显性遗传；蛋白质含量，沉淀值和湿面筋含量的杂种优势比普通小麦分别提高了8．55％，12．13％和9．91％，一些组合沉淀表现超亲优势，说明利用普通小麦与斯卑尔脱尔脱小麦种田杂交既可以扩大小麦亲本间的遗传差异，又可以显著提高小麦的杂种优势潜力。

Study on Wheat Heterotic GroupⅣ. Heterosis of Interspecific Hybrids between Common Wheat(T. aestivum L.) and Spelt (T. spelta L.)

The study was undertaken to explore alternative strategy to increase the heterotic potential of hybrid wheat, to diversify the genetic basis of hybrid wheat breeding, and to assess the way of establishing heterotic group of hybrid wheat by using interspecific hybridization between common wheat and spelt wheat. Significant heterosis were observed in the hybrids between common wheat and spelt wheat based on two years data. The grain yield per plant, grain yield per spike and 1000 kernel weight showed the highest heterosis level, the average heterosis was 111.39%, 62.77%, and 45.72%, respectively. Spike numbers per plant, plant height and kernel numbers per spike took second place, the average heterosis was 24.13%, 20.18% and 12.76%, respectively. The number of spikelets and spike length had the lowest heterosis, the average heterosis was 4.08% and 0.67%, respectively. The interspecific hybrids were found to head 0 to 6 days later than female parents (common wheat), but 20 days earlier than male parents (spelt wheat), suggesting that the early maturity was partially dominant. It was shown that heterosis in quality characters of interspecific hybrids were also observed, protein content, sedimentation value and wet gluten content of interspecific hybrids were increased by 8.55%, 12.13% and 9.91%, respectively, than that of common wheat. The results indicated that the development of hybrids between common wheat and spelt wheat could diversify the genetic basis for hybrid wheat breeding and raise the heterotic potential.