控释复合肥配施保水剂的盆栽月季节水保肥效果

该文旨在探究肥料配施保水剂对土壤节水保肥能力的影响及其在盆栽月季中的实际应用效果,为其科学施用提供依据。采用土柱模拟和盆栽月季试验,研究普通复合肥与包膜型控释复合肥搭配0、0.25‰和0.5‰土壤质量的保水剂对土壤水、氮、钾淋失率及月季生长生理性状的影响。结果表明:土柱淋溶条件下,与普通复合肥配施等量保水剂处理相比,控释复合肥处理的氮、钾淋失率分别降低了72.4%~75.6%和81.5%~84.2%;普通复合肥两处理间的氮淋失量无差异,但随着保水剂用量的增加,钾淋失量显著减少11.6%~26.3%;月季盆栽试验中,与普通复合肥配施等量保水剂处理相比,控释复合肥配施保水剂的处理使月季初花期提前5~7 d,盛花期延长5~10 d,株高增加12.8%~36.0%,茎粗增加5.4%~15.2%,分别提高了月季叶片的超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶POD活性12.6%~33.0%和14.5%~31.1%。控释复合肥配施0.25‰土壤质量保水剂能显著提高土壤节水、保肥能力和盆栽月季观赏价值,更能满足盆栽月季的生长及生理需求。

Effects of saving water and fertilizer conservation for potted Chinese rose using controlled-release compound fertilizers combined with water retention agent

Water retaining agent (WRA) is a high-hydrophilic polymer which absorbs large amount of water, and is widely used in agriculture. WRA and fertilizer application of collocation is one of the important techniques of water and fertilizer management. In order to study the effects of WRA combined with different fertilizers on the water and fertilizer conservation capacity of soil, soil column and Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) pot experiments were conducted in our research. There were six treatments: common compound fertilizer without WRA (CCFW0), common compound fertilizer combined with 0.25‰ of soil weight WRA (CCFW1), common compound fertilizer combined with 0.5‰ of soil weight WRA (CCFW2), controlled-release compound fertilizer without WRA (CRCFW0), controlled-release compound fertilizer combined with 0.25‰ of soil weight WRA (CRCFW1), controlled release compound fertilizer combined with 0.5‰ of soil weight WRA (CRCFW2), and the soil water, nitrogen and potassium leaching loss rate and physiological characteristics of the rose were determined. Results showed that: (1) In the soil column experiment, compared with CCFW0 treatment, CCFW2 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the loss of water by 33.6%; CRCFW1 and CRCFW2 treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the loss of water by 50.8% and 51.7%, the leaching amount of nitrogen by 19.7% and 30.6%, respectively compared with CRCFW0 treatment. Compared with common compound fertilizer (CCF) treatment which combined application with equal dosage of WRA, the controlled-release compound fertilizer (CRCF) treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the leaching amount of nitrogen by 72.4% to 75.6%, and significantly (P<0.05) reduced the leaching amount of potassium by 81.5% to 84.2%. The leaching amount of nitrogen of CCF treatments showed no significant (P>0.05) difference, but the leaching amount of potassium was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 11.6% to 26.3% as the application of WRA increased; (2) Compared with the treatments without WRA, CCF combined WRA showed no significant (P>0.05) difference on flowering phase and flower numbers, however, CRCF combined WRA significantly (P>0.05) increased the flower number, plant height and flower diameter by 12.5%, 7.9%-12.1% and 46.9%-53.1%, respectively. As such, the ornamental value of Chinese rose was increased. Compared with CCF treatments, the CRCF treatments which combined the same dosage of WRA significantly advanced flowering date of Chinese rose by 5-7 d, the period of flowering time was prolonged by 5-10 d, and the flower numbers were increased by 26.7%-41.2%, respectively, plant height, stem width, and leaves net photosynthetic rate of CRCF treatments were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 12.8%-36.0%, 5.4%-15.2%, and 18.2%-29.6%. With the same dosage of WRA, CRCF treatments increased SOD and POD activities by 12.6%-33.0% and 14.5%-31.1%, respectively. Compared with CCF, CRCF could decrease the optimum application of WRA, and fully exert the characteristics of water retaining and fertilizer conservation of WRA. Under the condition of this study, the CRCF combined 0.25‰ soil weight of WRA should be the optimum fertilization schedule.