基于超低功耗单片机和光电传感器的蜜蜂计数监测系统设计

蜜蜂授粉是目前冬季设施草莓产量和质量的重要保障,然而尚未有专门针对设施草莓进行蜜蜂授粉效率的监测系统。该文采用MSP430超低功耗单片机系统结合双红外光电传感器和无线串口装置,设计开发了一套基于设施草莓环境的蜜蜂蜂群计数监测系统,用于统计和监测授粉蜜蜂的活动规律并判断其活力。该系统采用超低功耗(1.8~3.6 V,0.1μA/power~down)单片机MSP430G2553作为控制核心,用并联的红外光电传感器分别感应2个通道的蜜蜂进出巢的方向,光电信号触发单片机外部中断后,单片机根据触发顺序对该信号进行处理和转换后开始计数,并把蜜蜂实时进出的数据通过无线模块送入串口软件,最终通过串口软件显示在上位机的界面上以及液晶显示屏上。田间试验表明整套系统性能稳定且功耗低,系统内部设计有稳压芯片TPS7333,可转换为3.3 V电压给系统稳定供电,所以该系统可采用交流电供电和普通5 V移动电源2种供电模式,给田间试验带来了诸多方便。田间试验结果显示,该系统能精确地实时统计蜜蜂进出巢的数据,从而动态反映蜜蜂的活力变化和行为规律,给提高蜜蜂田间授粉效率的研究提供了参考。

Design of monitoring and counting system for bee colony based on ultralow-power consumption MCU and photoelectric sensor

With the development of the science and technology of modern agriculture, facility agriculture gets increasingly popular. Strawberry produced in facilities such as high tunnel is one of the key components for Chinese agriculture in some regions because of high economic return.. Because the flowering period of facilities strawberry is in winter, there is a high humidity in greenhouse, the mobility of air is limited, and the most important is lack of medium for strawberry pollination. Therefore, in the winter facilities strawberry,Apis cerana pollination is necessary for the improvement of the production and quality of strawberry. However, the lack of the specific counting system to monitor the activities and efficiencies of pollinating bees in facilities strawberry needs to be addressed. Here, a novel set of monitoring and counting system for honeybee colonies vitality was designed by using the photoelectric sensors (H42B6) and wireless serial ports, and successfully applied in the facilities strawberry. The system was composed of a low consumption single chip microcomputer of MSP430G2553 as the control core, and double infrared photoelectric sensors as the bees counting components. The control core cpu worked at the voltage of 1.8V to 3.6V and it has five low consumption modes (LPM0, LPM1, LPM2, LPM3, LPM4) and the working current was also low. When the cpu worked at the clock frequency of 1Mhz, the chip working current was only around 200μA to 400μA, which made the whole system work at the advantage of low power. As a sensor module, double photoelectric consisted of an enter/close for bees in and out, and because the number of bees were large, the system had the same two enter/closes to avoid bees' congestion around the hives. According to the diode performance characteristic, when bees got in or out of the hives, the double infrared photoelectric sensors recorded the counting signals, which triggered the MCU's external interrupt. Then MCU dealt with the received signals from the infrared photoelectric sensors to display the bees' real time access number on LCD12864, as well as transmit the corresponding data to the computer through the wireless serial port device. The whole data were respectively sum of the number of bees in and out from two enter/closes?hives. The field test proved that the performance of the whole system was well and the power consumption was low. There was voltage chip TPS7333 in the system circuit, which can supply stability voltage (3.3 V) to the system. So, the power supply of the system is quite convenient for the alternative 220V alternating current and the general portable power source (5 V). The field test results showed that this monitoring system can not only count bees in and out of hives, but also reflect the bees' activity pattern. It is suitable to monitor and count the dynamic activity of the pollination bees in the facilities strawberry.