基于土地利用变化的区域生态服务价值研究

以Costanza的生态服务价值理论为基础.结合重庆市区30 a土地利用变化特征,重点分析了其对生态价值的影响.通过对1975,1987,1995,2000和2005年遥感影像的解译获得研究区5期土地利用图,引入单一土地利用动态度和土地利用程度指数来分析土地利用变化的规律.在此基础上,计算了不同研究期不同地类生态的服务价值,重点分析了生态价值的总体变化规律;针对山地型城市分析了生态价值结构的变化规律;进而从土地利用变化对生态价值影响力的角度,引入土地利用变化生态效应指数和生态效应度,从定量分析的角度明确了土地利用变化对生态价值的影响程度及绝对影响力.研究结果表明,在研究区要有效控制城市建设用地的扩张速度,提高山地型城市建设用地的集约度;在经济增长的可控范围内,减慢土地利用程度增加的速度;加强生态水域与生态林的规划,可以有效地提高山地型城市的生态服务价值.

Regional Ecosystem Service Value Based on Landuse Change

Research on ecosystem service value is a hot spot in ecology at present. Based on the Costanza's ecosystem service value theory and combined with the landuse change traits in the past 30 years in Chongqing urban,the impacts of landuse change on ecosystem service value are analyzed. The remote sense images in 1975,1987,1995,2000,and 2005 are interpreted and the landuse drafts are obtained. Single dynamic landuse degree and landuse extent index are used to indicate the landuse change. According to each type of landuse and its single ecosystem service value,the ecosystem service value is calculated,which is used to analyze the whole change in ecosystem service value and the change in the structure of ecosystem service value. In view of the influence of landuse on ecosystem service value,ecosystem effect index and ecosystem effect degree are introduced to ascertain the influence extent and absolute influential power resulting from the landuse change. Results indicate that,firstly,the expansion speed of constructive land in the area should be controlled properly and the intensive degree of constructive land in mountainous city should be promoted. Secondly,in the scale of controlling economic rising,the increasing speed of landuse extent should be slowed down. Lastly,the planning of eco-water and eco-forestry should be strengthened in order to enhance ecosystem service value in mountainous city.