玉米秸秆热值性状杂种优势及配合力分析

采用NCⅡ交配设计以13个玉米亲本自交系组配42个杂交组合，对其玉米秸秆热值性状的杂种优势及配合力进行分析。结果表明，热值、纤维素含量、和木质素含量3个指标性状表现出明显杂种优势，热值杂种优势与纤维素含量、木质素含量的杂种优势关系密切，但不受半纤维素含量杂种优势的影响。一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差均达到1%的极显著水平，说明不同自交系间存在较大的遗传差异。X178、掖52106的热值、纤维素含量、木质素含量的一般配合力较大，而半纤维素含量一般配合力较低；沈137的热值、木质素含量的一般配合力较高，纤维素含量的一般配合力居中，半纤维素含量的一般配合力低；这3个亲本在培育高热值玉米杂交种上具有较大应用潜力。沈137×黄C、齐319×昌7-2在热值、木质素含量、纤维素含量等性状上具有较高的特殊配合力，产生较强的杂种优势。笔者认为，玉米秸秆热值可作为玉米育种的目标之一，改变只注重产量和品质育种的做法，选育和推广既高产、优质，又高热值的玉米杂交种，提高玉米综合经济效益。

Analysis of the Heterosis and Combining Ability on the Traits of Calorific Value in Stem of Maize

Bio-energy sources are the terraneous plants and the hydrophytic plants composed of lignin, cellulose and some organic compounds. As a kind of bio-energy source, maize stems, mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, have great significance for exploiting new energy, reducing environment pollution, protecting environment and enhancing integrated economy benefit to research into energy index and genetic law of the calorific value traits of maize stem and breed maize variety of high calorific value. The knowledge of genetic law can contribute to exploiting and utilizing renewable energy sources. But the research into energy index and genetic law of the calorific value traits of maize stem hasn’t been reported at home and abroad. The objectives of the research were to confirm energy index and their genetic law. The heterosis and combining ability of the calorific value characters were analyzed with 42 crosses composed of 13 maize inbred lines organized by means of NCⅡcross design. The results showed that there was distinct heterosis in the 3 traits of calorific value, cellulose content and lignin content. The heterosis of the calorific value had consanguineous correlation with the heterosis of the cellulose content and lignin content, and didn’t have correlation with the heterosis of the hemicellulose’s content. GCA variance and SCA variance both reached very prominently high level of 1%, this showed there was genetic difference in different maize inbred lines. The GCA of X178 and Ye 52106 was high in calorific value, cellulose content and lignin content and was low in hemicellulose content; The GCA of Shen137 was high in calorific value and lignin content and was at a middle level in cellulose content and was low in hemicellulose content. The SCA of Shen137×Huang C, Q319×Chang 7-2 was high in calorific value, cellulose content and lignin content, they brought about strong heterosis. The author thinks the calorific value of maize stem can be set as one main aim of maize breeding, the focus on yield and quality of maize can be changed and maize crosses of high yield high quality and high calorific value should be bred and generalized so that integrated economy benefits of maize will be enhanced.