新疆荒地开发与盐碱土改良利用

新疆现有耕地313.33万公顷,可供开发的荒地约有700万公顷,是全国可垦荒地面积最多的地区之一。在可垦荒地中,受盐渍化限制的土地分布最广,面积最大,据统计约有585.71万公顷。按地域分布南疆尤为突出。喀什、和田、克州三地区的待垦耕地中,受盐碱限制比率最高,占96.28%;阿克苏占68.82%;巴州占46.26%。随着自治区粮、棉、糖、瓜果、畜产品基地建设的需要,人口剧增的要求,因而对开荒造田,中低产田改造,同时提出了迫切要求。

The Exploitation of Wasteland and the Utilization of Saline-alkali Soil in. Xinjiang

Xinjiang is one of the largest wasteland area, covering a total cultivated land area of 3.1333 million hectares and 7 million hectares of available wasteland. According to statistics, in the area of available wasteland,the soil restrained by the salinization has the largest distribution area of 5. 8571 million hectares and mainly located in south Xinjiang. The ratio of the uncultivated farmland restrained by salinization of Kashgar,Hotan and Kizilsu prefecture ranks the highest,reaching 96. 28%;Arksu 68. 82%; Bayangol Prefecture 46. 26%. With the development of the base of food, cotton, sugar, fruit and livestock product and the requirement of the population exploration, there will be an urgent demand for the exploitation of wasteland and the reform of the middle-lower level producing fields. The land exploitation during the period of the 8th five-year-plan and 9th five-year-plan of Xinjiang focus on the middle and heavy saline-alkali land,of the principle is making out an unified plan of the basins,taking the upper reaches,middle reaches and lower reaches into consideration,carrying out comprehensive treatment, setting up agricultural concepts in mind, regarding water and fertilizer as the core,combining farming,forestry and animal husbandry together, adopting the methods of drainage,irrigation, smooth, fertilization, tree and grass planting, cultivation and chemical improvement to reach the aims of getting rid of the salt,increasing fertilizer and obtainning a high and stable output.