大兴安岭北部森林生态系统土壤动物组成与多样性分析

对大兴安岭北部7个代表性森林群落土壤动物进行调查,共捕获湿生土壤动物20216只,大、中小型土壤动物87类,19577只,隶属于4门9纲23目66科。大、中小型土壤动物的优势类群为螨类和节跳虫科,常见类群4类,两者占总捕获量的92.22%。各群落土壤动物的数量和种类组成有一定差异,其中杨落Ⅱ和白桦Ⅲ的数量和种类最多,柳草Ⅶ最少。7个群落共有类群23类,共优类群为螨类中的前气门亚目和中气门亚目,共有的常见类群2类:山跳虫科和线蚓科。7个群落间相似程度均较大,大多为中等相似。各群落土壤动物数量和种类在土壤各层的垂直分布上具有明显表聚性。在多样性分析中,各群落多样性指数H′大小为柳草Ⅶ>白桦Ⅲ>杨落Ⅱ>落沼Ⅳ>樟子松Ⅵ>桦杜Ⅰ>蒙古栎Ⅴ。大部分群落多样性指数的动态变化是8月>6月>10月。

Soil Animal Component and Diversity in Forest Ecosystems of Northern DaHinganling Mountains

Soil animals in 7 representative forest communities of northern Da Hinggan Mountains were investigated in this paper.As many as 20216 damp-living soil animals and 87 groups of 19557 macro-and mid-micro soil animals were collected,and they belonged to 4 phylums,9 classes,23 orders and 66 families.Acarina and Isotomidae were the dominant groups of the macro-and middle-micro soil animals,and the common groups were 4,amounting to 92.22% of the total.There were certain differences in the numbers and group components of each soil animal community,among which Populus-Larix olgensis(Ⅱ) and Betula platyphyila(Ⅲ) took the most part of the groups and numbers,and Willow herb(Ⅶ) took the least part.There were 23 sorts of mutual groups in 7 communities,of which the mutual dominant groups were Prostigmata and Mesostigmata of Acarina,and 2 sorts of mutual common groups were Pseudachorutidae and Enchyteaeidae.Similarity of 7 communities was relatively big,most of which were medium similarity.To the vertical distribution of the soil layers,the numbers and group components of soil animals in each community had obvious surface collection.To the diversity analysis,the order of diversity index H′ in each community was Willow herb Ⅶ > Betula platyphyila Ⅲ>Populus-Larix olgensis Ⅱ> Larix olgensis-Swamp Ⅳ >Pinus sylvestris Ⅵ>Betula costata-Simsii planchⅠ>Quercus mongolica Ⅴ,and dynamic change of diversity index of most communities were august>june>october.