滴灌条件下不同覆盖材料对玉米产量效益及土壤水分的影响

为探明不同覆盖材料对滴灌水肥一体化条件下玉米产量和土壤水分分布的影响，以普通PE地膜和裸地为对照，分析全生物降解膜、加厚PE地膜、玉米秸秆等3种材料覆盖下对玉米产量和水分的影响。结果表明，玉米秸秆、加厚PE地膜和生物降解膜覆盖后玉米产量为13 114.5～13 708.5 kg/hm2，较普通PE地膜增产1.4%～6.0%；水分利用效率为24.17～25.11 kg/(mm·hm2)，较普通PE地膜提高2.3%～3.8%。产值与效益均高于普通PE地膜，均以玉米秸秆处理最高，分别为38 383.8、24 283.8元/hm2；生物降解膜次之，分别为37 674.0、21 624.0元/hm2；加厚PE 地膜排第3，分别为36 720.6、21 570.6元/hm2。收获后覆盖处理土壤水分均呈典型的“双峰”曲线，上层含水量高于下层，对深层土壤水分影响较大。在降水量低、蒸发量高的沿黄灌区，覆膜的主要作用是减蒸保水，用可生物降解的环保型降解地膜、易回收型的加厚PE地膜或固炭培肥型的秸秆替代普通PE膜可行。

Effects of Mulching Materials on Maize Yields, Economic Benefits and Soil Moisture Distribution under Drip Irrigation

In order to explore the effects of mulching materials on maize growth, yield, economic benefits and soil moisture distribution under the integrated condition of drip irrigation, fully biodegradable film, thickened plastic film, and straw wereusedas the research objects and traditional bare land planting and ordinary PE film were used as a control to study the effects of different mulching materials onmaize yieldand soil moisture distribution. The results showed that yield and wateruse efficiency(WUE) of maize covered with straw, thickened PE film, and biodegradable film were 13 114.5 to 13 708.5 kg/ha and 24.17 to 25.11 kg/(mm·ha), respectively which were 1.4 to 6.0% and 2.3% to 3.8% higher than that of PE film, respectively. The output value andeconomic benefits of straw, thickened PE film, and biodegradable film covering were higher than those of PE film and bare land and peaked understraw cover (38 382.0 and 24 282.0 Yuan/ha, respectively), and followed by biodegradable film (37 674.0 and 21624.0 Yuan/ha, respectively) and thickened PE film(36 718.5 and 21 568.5 Yuan/ha, respectively). The soil moisture in the ground mulching treatment showed a typical ''bimodal'' curve, and the deep soil moisture was lower than that bare land after harvesting. In irrigation areas along the Yellow River with low rainfall and high evaporation, the main function of mulching is to reduce evaporation and retain soil moisture. It is completely feasible to replace ordinary PE film with biodegradable and environmentally friendly degradable film, easily recyclable thickened PE film, or straw for carbon fixation and fertilization.