水帘降温系统下猪用发酵床垫料的特性与功能的空间变化

 为了探讨水帘降温系统下猪用发酵床垫料结构与功能的变化规律。选取发酵床猪舍为研究对象，在南方夏季高温环境下启用水帘降温系统，根据距水帘的远近将舍内垫料分为A区（近水帘端）、B区（猪舍中央）、C区（近风机端），各区垫料再区分为表层（0~20 cm）、上层（20~40 cm）、中层（40~60cm）、下层（＞60 cm）采样，每周采样一次，监测垫料的成分变化，试验期56 d。结果表明，水帘降温系统没有引起发酵床猪舍内垫料含水率、温度二维空间分布的显著差异；对垫料微生物和酶的影响主要体现在真菌总数与脲酶活性的显著差异，从水帘端到风机端，真菌总数的对数值显著升高，脲酶活性显著增强；对垫料在水平区域上的细菌总数、放线菌数和纤维素菌数、过氧化氢酶活性没有显著影响；对垫料有机质降解影响不大，在二维水平上各区（层）垫料有机质含量和C/N均随发酵时间的延长而逐渐降低。表层、下层垫料温度显著低于上层、中层，表层含水率显著低于下层；从表层到下层，垫料微生物数量和脲酶活性呈下降趋势，过氧化氢酶活性在各层之间无显著差异；垫料有机质中层、下层显著高于表层；铵态氮含量表层最高，上层次之，中、下层较低；硝态氮含量表层最高，上层和下层次之，中层最低。研究指出，水帘降温系统没有对猪用发酵床垫料的主要特性与运行功能产生显著影响，发酵床不同深度垫料特性的差异是床自身运行过程固有的规律。

Effect of Cooling Pad System on Properties and Function of Litters in Pig-on-Litter System

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of the cooling pad system on the properties and function of litter in pig on litter system (PLS). The cooling pad system is applied to control the high temperature of pig houses in deep litter in summer of South China. In this experiment, based on the distance from the cooling pad, the whole house was divided into three areas, the area A approached to cooling pad, the area B located in house center and C approached to fans, in the meantime, in order to monitor the litter change of different depths, litter samples were separately taken from surface layer (0~20cm), the upper layer (20~40 cm), the middle layer (40~60 cm) and the bottom layer (>60 cm). The study consisted of 56 days, sampling once every week.The results showed that no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the moisture contents of litter and temperature of pig house among three areas (A, B and C) after applying the cooling pad system in PLS; however, the logarithm of Fungi and activity of urease in litter significantly increased from cooling pad to fans. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in organic matter, catalase, bacterium, actinomyces and celluloses (P>0.05) among three areas after applying the cooling pad system in PLS, however, the content of organic matter and C/N of litter gradually decreased over the fermentation time. The temperature of litter in surface and bottom layer were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the upper and middle layer, however, the moisture contents of litter in surface layer was significantly lower than (P<0.05) bottom layer, the quantities of microbes and activity of urease of litter gradually reduced from the surface layer to bottom layer, whereas, the activity of catalase of litter did not significantly differ (P>0.05) among four layers; the organic matter of litter in middle and bottom layer was significantly higher than (P<0.05) that of surface layer; the maximum content of ammonium nitrogen in litter appeared in the surface layer, followed by upper layer, middle layer and bottom layer; however, as for nitrate nitrogen of litter, the maximum value appeared in surface layer, followed by upper layer, bottom layer and middle layer. In conclusion,the results suggested that in summer of South China the application of the cooling pad system in PLS had no significant effect on the properties and function of litter, the difference in properties of litter among different depths resulted from the inherent rule of bio bed during operational process.